Channel routing plays a central role in the physical design of VLSI chips. For two-layer dogleg-free channel routing, dm,, and v,, are the two traditional lower bounds. In this paper, we present two efficient algorithms for computing a tighter lower bound for the channel routing problem. Our algorithms succe:j~fully compute a lower bound of 26 for Deutsch's Difficult Example (DDE). The experime...

Channel routing is a type of problems arising in the detailed routing phase of VLSI physical design automation as well as in the design of printed circuit boards (PCBs). It has been known that channel routing problems can be formulated as constraint programming (CP) problems and thus CP solvers can be used to find solutions. In this article, we present a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) ...

We present a fully coupled solver based on the discontinuous Galerkin method for steady-state diffusion flames using low-Mach approximation of governing equations with one-step kinetic model. The nonlinear equation system is solved Newton–Dogleg and initial estimates flame calculations are obtained from flame-sheet Details spatial discretization presented. tested reactive nonreactive benchmark ...

We give a fast, accurate, and highly convergent algorithm for computing periodic orbits of the N-body problem. The Lindstedt-Poincaré technique from perturbation theory, Fourier interpolation, the dogleg strategy devised by Powell for trust region methods in unconstrained optimization, proper handling of the symmetries of the Hamiltonian, and a simple mechanism to eliminate high frequency error...

We discuss the implementation of a suite virtual diagnostics at FACET-II facility currently under commissioning SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The will be used for prediction longitudinal phase space along linac, spectral reconstruction bunch profile, and non-destructive inference transverse beam quality (emittance) while using edge radiation injector dogleg compressor locations. These m...

asthma is now recognized as a common cause of disability of great economic cost and preventable deaths. in this study we aimed to test our hypothesis based on the relationship between body mass index and bronchial asthma .among the patients with acute asthma admitted to the emergency ward and pulmonology clinic, we sought to determine the prevalence of obesity, as well as the effect of body mas...

background: the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (ms) evolves over many years. its prognosis is highly variable among affected individuals, i.e. while some suffer from early severe disabilities, others remain ambulatory and functional for many years. we used multiple sclerosis severity score (msss) and the new classification for ms severity herbert et al. introduced in 2006 according to ms...

A class of trust-region methods for large scale bound-constrained systems of nonlinear equations is presented. The methods in this class follow the so called affine-scaling approach and can efficiently handle large scale problems. At each iteration, a suitably scaled region around the current approximate solution is defined and, within such a region, the norm of the linear model of F is trusted...