regarding to important role of interest rate in adjusting and performing economic policies, in particular monetary policies, in recent decades too many efforts has been done for adjusting this variable as one of the most important key economic indicators. due to the noticeable impact of interest rate to solve or generate economic problems in some societies, reducing it to its optimal level is i...

In a previous paper [12], we introduced a new model for stochastic and dynamic vehicle routing called the dynamic traveling repairman problem (DTRP), in which a vehicle traveling at constant velocity in a Euclidean region must service demands whose time of arrival, location and on-site service are stochastic. The objective is to find a policy to service demands over an infinite horizon that min...

Prior research on firm strategy in the presence of learning curves suggests that if learning is highly appropriable, early entrants can achieve sustained competitive advantage by rapidly building capacity and by pricing aggressively to preempt competition. However these studies all presume (1) rational actors and (2) equilibrium, implying markets clear at all points in time. We consider the rob...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing subpectoral biceps tenodesis for bicipital tendonitis with a superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tear. Patients undergoing primary subpectoral biceps tenodesis for arthroscopically confirmed SLAP tears with signs or findings of bicipital tendonitis were included. An independent observer collected data prospectiv...

We address the problem of deriving optimal inequalities for P(X E S), for a multivariate random variable X that has a given collection of moments, and S is an arbitrary set. Our goal in this paper is twofold: First, to present the beautiful interplay of probability and optimization related to moment inequalities, from a modern, optimization based, perspective. Second, to understand the complexi...

Background: With a growing number of psoriasis treatments options, making a decision can be daunting to patients. Biologics offer a less toxic and more effective alternative to people who have moderate-to-severe psoriasis, particularly those who have tried and failed other therapies. Objective: To provide a patient-centered approach to the decision to start on biologic treatment of psoriasis wi...

1. Postoperative Visual Loss Study Group: Risk factors associated with ischemic optic neuropathy after spinal fusion surgery. ANESTHESIOLOGY 2012; 116:15–24 2. Shen Y, Drum M, Roth S: The prevalence of perioperative visual loss in the United States: A 10-year study from 1996 to 2005 of spinal, orthopedic, cardiac, and general surgery. Anesth Analg 2009; 109:1534 – 45 3. Mathews MK: Nonarteritic...