the purpose of this study was to show types and extent of offensive behaviors at soccer stadiums and to test the relationship between personal factors, spectators, verbal behavior of stadium executives and staff, sport media biases, modeling from famous team spectators, refereeing the matches, and win-oriented spectators with offensive behavior of the spectators. a total of 727 researcher-made ...

A TV channel designs a revenue maximizing interactive quiz show by using two instruments: the questions’ degree of difficulty and the cost per phone call which callers have to make to answer the question. A question is asked, spectators knowing the answer make a costly phone call and the winner is randomly selected among all those who know the answer. The TV channel’s revenue is the expected nu...

We have designed and built a mobile emotional messaging system named eMoto. With it, users can compose messages through using emotion-related gestures as input, rendering a background of colours, shapes and animations expressing the emotional content. The design intent behind eMoto was that it should be engaging physically, intellectually and socially, and would provide for an aesthetic experie...

The main purpose of this study is to examine the variables influencing golf spectators’ desire to stay at a professional golf tournament in Japan. The data used in this project were based on a questionnaire administered to 1023 spectators at two professional golf tour tournaments near Tokyo; 991 of these questionnaires were returned. The results indicated that the variables that most affected t...

Clearly, the enthusiasm of the spectators. An estimated 15 million people lined the streets for the Olympic Torch Relay through the UK, including 4.2 million in London alone. More than 7 million spectators visited venues in the first 10 days of the Games and 2.7 million spectators visited the Olympic Park. More than 5 million people attended Live Sites where events were displayed on big screens...

The chronic and slowly progressive nature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can create difficulties in effective communication between healthcare provider and patient. Such barriers, which include the personal beliefs of both caregiver and patient, need to be understood and addressed if the aims of the consultation are to be met. Patients with COPD may feel guilty, depressed and a...