-Batrachuperus mustersi occurs only in the Paghman Mountains of Afghanistan in a single stream. They inhabit the cold sources of the stream where they are active year-round, feeding on aquatic organisms. Morphological examination revealed many similarities to other members of the genus. Differences were found in the tail morphology, degree of skeletal ossification and gill development. The only...

1. introduction environmental changes can be monitored at many scales but the scale of landscape and region has more information in support of sustainable spatial planning. the availability of remote sensing imagery provides multi-scale observation with periodic repetitions over time. landscape and regional scales are adequately covered by satellite images. remote sensing images provide non-ave...

a detailed standard magnetotelluric (mt) study was conducted to recognize brine bearing layers in depths of less than 2000 m in the northeast of iran close to the southeastern shore of the caspian sea. long and medium period natural-field mt methods have proved very useful for subsurface mapping purpose by determining the resistivity of the near surface structure. mt data were analyzed and mode...

thermoluminescence (tl) dating was established in oxford to fulfil the demand for dating ceramics and other heated man made products (aitken, 1985).  it determines the time elapsed since the mineral grains have been heated. following the establishment of tl dating method, it was used to date fired materials such as pottery, flint and etc. optically stimulated luminescence (osl) determines the t...