Analytical and Monte Carlo simulations have been used to predict dose enhancement factors in nanoparticle-enhanced X-ray radiation therapy. Both simulations predict an increase in dose enhancement in the presence of nanoparticles, but the two methods predict different levels of enhancement over the studied energy, nanoparticle materials, and concentration regime for several reasons. The Monte C...

Introduction: To enhance the dose to tumor, the use of high atomic number elements has been proposed. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticle distribution on dose enhancement in tumor when the tumor is irradiated by typical monoenergetic X-ray beams by considering homogeneous and inhomogeneous distributions of gold nanoparticles (GNPs)...

We fabricated plasmonic gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-TiO2 nanocomposite films and measured the photocurrent that originates from the water-splitting reaction catalyzed by the AuNP-TiO2 nanocomposite photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) electrode. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanoparticles affected the generation of photocurrent by TiO2 upon illumination with visible light. Elec...

Two Monte Carlo systems, EGSnrc and Geant4, were used to calculate dose distributions in large electron fields used in radiotherapy. Source and geometry parameters were adjusted to match calculated results with measurement. Both codes were capable of accurately reproducing the measured dose distributions of the 6 electron beams available on the accelerator. Depth penetration was matched to 0.1 ...

Purpose: In radiation therapy, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are regarded as a promising radiosensitizer candidate. Several studies have revealed a dose enhancement by GNPs in X-ray and even proton irradiation. However, these studies have been limited to the depth direction. The dose distribution in both depth and lateral directions is crucial to evaluate the full radio sensitizing effect. The purp...

PURPOSE The aim of this study is to quantify and to compare the dose enhancement factor from gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to tumor endothelial cells for different concentrations of AuNP, and clinical MV beam configurations. METHODS Tumor endothelial cells are modeled as slabs measuring 10 × 10 × 2 μm. A spherical AuNP is simulated on the surface of the endothelial cell, within the blood vessel. ...

Introduction: Currently, the potential application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to increase the efficiency of radiation therapy have been investigated. However, the loss of an appropriate method to estimate the dose distribution in nanoparticle laden tissue limits the applicability of nanoparticles in radiotherapy clinics. Polymer gel dosimetry provides an accurate and precise...

Objective(s): Taking advantage of high atomic number of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in radiation dose absorbing, many in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out on using them as radio-sensitizer. In spite of noticeable dose enhancement by GNPs at keV energies, using this energy range for radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors is outdated. The aim of the present work was to examine the effect ...

This paper details the fabrication process for placing single-layer gold (Au) nanoparticles on a planar substrate, and investigation of the resulting optical properties that can be exploited for nonlinear optics applications. Preparation of Au nanoparticles on the substrate involved electron beam deposition and subsequent thermal dewetting. The obtained thin films of Au had a variation in thick...

radiotherapy dose calculations can be evaluated by monte carlo (mc) simulations with acceptable accuracy for dose prediction in complicated treatment plans. in this work, standard, livermore and penelope electromagnetic (em) physics packages of geant4 application for tomographic emission (gate) 6.1 were compared versus monte carlo n-particle extended (mcnpx) 2.6 in simulation of 6 mv photon lin...