from the very beginning of the attempts made to organize electronic commerce in international field, the most important subject has been classification of electronic commerce under any legal systems of the organization, i.e. gatt, gats, trips or a combination of the provisions of the gatt and gats. the hybrid and trips systems did not have the required capacity for the subject matter both theor...

Recently, significant technological changes, greater customer demand and the rise of new business models have triggered a rapid increase in electronic service (e-service) innovations. Now, innovation in the provision of e-services has become one of the priorities of managers in order to gain a competitive advantage. However, few studies so far have explored the determinant factors needed in the...

Mainly on the wake of the Web Service initiative, electronic services are emerging as a reference model for business information technology systems. Individual applications retain core functions and technology base, but integration becomes crucial. A business service derives from the coordination of different business capabilities. The related electronic service derives from the integration of ...

Contrary to the recent emphasis upon the "Information Highway", the situation for one of the most predestined service providers, the printing and publishing industry, remains quite unchanged. Despite the decrease in prices for hard-and software, most companies operate with increasing costs in the field of information technology.[1] The existence of antiquated and centralized information systems...

Service integration is one of the most critical issues affecting electronic government implementations all over the world. Providing integrated services to citizens, businesses, and all other stakeholders involved in electronic government activities at "one stop portal" is considered to be a big opportunity for governments to improve their services’ efficiency and effectiveness. This paper aims...