1. Introduction: In the research area of one dimensional stochastic processes, Markov chains acquire special importance due to large number of applications. One of the simplest possible continuous time Markov chains, namely birth-and-death process arises naturally in many queueing models. Such a Markov chain has an efficient recursive solution for the equilibrium probabilities. Specifically the...

Subsidy is a tool used by governments as a form of financial aid to support specific economic sectors. Today subsidy is common in several countries, such as Iran due to different political and economic reasons. This study has examined the effects of changing agricultural subsidies on production and exports. For this purpose, a computable general equilibrium model (CGE) for the year 2011 was use...

The relationship between the matrix and the tree has been the subject of intensive investigation ever since the beginning of game theory. The issue goes back even to Borel and von Neumann. Later, Thompson [11, 1952], followed by Elmes-Reny [4, 1994], uncovered the structural relationship between the matrix and the tree. They showed that, up to the duplication of pure strategies, two games have ...

Graphene based optical devices are highly recommended and interested for integrated optical circuits. As a main component of an optical link, a photodetector based on graphene nano-ribbons is proposed and studied. A quantum transport model is presented for simulation of a graphene nano-ribbon (GNR) -based photo-transistor based on non-equilibrium Green’s function method. In the proposed model a...

We present a deterministic mathematical model for malaria transmission with waning immunity. The model consists of five non-linear system of differential equations. We used next generation matrix to derive the basic reproduction number R0. The disease free equilibrium was computed and its local stability has been shown by the virtue of the Jacobean matrix. Moreover, using Lyapunov function theo...

in this paper, the deformation of a thick-walled circular cylindrical shell of incompressible isotropic elastic material is considered. the shell, which is made of three-term strain energy function is subjected to the combined external and axial loading pressure. in order to obtain the relevant eigenvalues, which is the main objective of the work, the incremental equilibrium equations are so...

The application of the latest digital technologies changes the ways of thinking of entrepreneurial behaviour and motivation of decision-making, principles of organization of their functioning, so the purpose of work is to form a model of achieving a balanced balance between economic efficiency and environmental and social responsibility of the digitized enterprise, determining the scientific ba...

It is well known that in quantum theory, thermal equilibrium at inverse temperature β corresponds to the density matrix (1/Z) exp(−βH). But a density matrix that is not pure can arise from many different distributions of the wavefunction. We address in this paper the question which distribution of the wavefunction corresponds to thermal equilibrium, or, in other words, which distribution of the...