This paper shows that conduct described as unethical and blamed on “greed” is sometimes a consequence of market competition. I illustrate this observation using examples of five censured activities: employment of children, corruption, excessive executive pay, corporate earnings manipulation, and involvement of universities in commercial activities. In all these examples, I show how competitive ...

Plain English summary Researchers carrying out research in the NHS in England have to obtain approval for their study from an NHS Research Ethics Committee (REC). Involving the public in research helps to ensure studies are ethically acceptable to the people taking part, and therefore supports the REC review. The form used by RECs asks researchers to describe any involvement that has taken plac...

BACKGROUND Institutional review boards (IRBs) distinguish health care quality improvement (QI) and health care quality improvement research (QIR) based primarily on the rigor of the methods used and the purported generalizability of the knowledge gained. Neither of these criteria holds up upon scrutiny. Rather, this apparently false dichotomy may foster under-protection of participants in QI pr...

We contend that ethically significant behavior of autonomous systems should be guided by explicit ethical principles determined through a consensus of ethicists. To provide assistance in developing these ethical principles, we have developed GENETH, a general ethical dilemma analyzer that, through a dialog with ethicists, codifies ethical principles in any given domain. GENETH has been used to ...

Background & objectives: Spiritual health and good ethical behavior, both are important ‎factors in preventing harm to patients in medical students. The purpose of this study is to survey the ‎relationship between spiritual health and ethical behavior among students of nursing and midwifery ‎faculty in Ardabil university of medical sciences.‎ Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study ...

Background: The organizational culture, justice, and ethical practices found in nursing services and health services have numerical superiority and a significant importance.Objective: This descriptive study aimed to determine the relationship among ethical behavior, organizational justice and culture in public and private hospitals.Methods:<...

BACKGROUND Requirements for Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent for research involving human subjects have existed for more than 2 decades. However, evidence of fulfillment of these requirements is sometimes lacking in cardiovascular research reports in Argentina. Since ethical standards vary between committees, there may be some confusion among researchers regarding the ne...