Dr med. Agata Majos Kopcińskiego 22, 90–153 Łódź phone: 042 678 67 34, fax: 042 678 67 34 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: Measurement of the degree of exophthalmos is one of the main methods used in the assessment of pathological processes that occur in the orbital space and is widely used. However, this only provides initial information about the volume relations between th...

Exophthalmos, myxedema, and acropachy are collectively named Exophthalmos myxedema acropachy (EMA) syn-drome, which is a rare syndrome associated with hypertcardiotrophia. Among patients with hyperthyreosis, EMA has an incidence less than 1%. Here, we reported a case of EMA and explored its diagnosis and treatment.

Mr. D.L, 30-year-old, with no notable medical history, was hospitalized for right exophthalmos, which had been developing for a year and a half and had recently become painful. Clinical examination found irreducible non-axial right exophthalmos with inferior and posterior globe deviation, limitation of ocular mobility upward, and conjunctival congestion. MRI of the cerebrum and orbit was perfor...

There may be difficulties in the diagnosis of unilateral endocrine exophthalmos particularly in the differential diagnosis from orbital tumour. It is the purpose of this communication to show that endocrine ophthalmopathy is always bilateral, although its exophthalmic component is frequently unilateral in its early stages. This observation could be the basis of differential diagnosis between "u...

BACKGROUND Exophthalmos, myxedema, and osteoarthropathy syndrome is a very rare condition that is associated with Graves' disease. The presence of dermopathy and the involvement of joint/bone tissues indicate that it seems to be related with the severity of the autoimmune process. Owing to its low incidence, there is a lack of information regarding its treatment and clinical follow-up. Some cas...

An 18-month-old white female child presented with severe bilateral exophthalmos. She was thought to have Grave's disease because her orbital CT scan showed massively enlarge extraocular muscles. She was subsequently found to have myelomonocytic leukaemia. This was treated with radiation, with rapid resolution of her exophthalmos and exposure keratitis.

The syndrome of intermittent exophthalmos classically consists of enophthalmos with the head in the upright position, and exophthalmos which develops rapidly in one eye (usually the left) when venous stasis is induced by bending or lowering the head, turning the head forcibly, hyperextension of the neck, coughing, forced expiration with or without compression of the nostrils, or pressure on the...

A patient with marked exophthalmos secondary to thyroid eye disease presented for tarsorrhaphy and removal of orbital fat. A single superolateral peribulbar injection was performed. After injection of 3.5 ml of local anaesthetic solution, the globe suddenly dislocated anteriorly. This complication has not been described previously. In patients with exophthalmos, general anaesthesia should be co...