Many physiological events require an accurate timing signal, usually generated by neural networks called central pattern generators (CPGs). On the other hand, properties of neurons and neural networks (e.g. time constants of neurons and weights of network connections) alter with time, resulting in gradual changes in timing of such networks. Recently, a synaptic weight adjustment mechanism has b...

objective(s):silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) are used widely in bedding, water purification, tooth paste and toys. these nanoparticles can enter into the body and move into the hippocampus. the aim of this study was to investigate the neurotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in the adult rat hippocampus. materials and methods:12 male wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental and contro...

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder which affect nervous system and is characterized with progressive distal motor neuron weakness. The survival motor neuron (SMN) protein level reduces in patients with SMA. Two different genes code survival motor neuron protein in human genome. Skeletal and intercostal muscles denervation lead to weakness, hypotony, hyporeflexia, respiratory fa...

delayed neuronal death after seizure attack may be mediated by the induction of apoptosis-pathway. caspase-3, a mammalian cysteine protease, promotes apoptosis after some neurological disorders. neuron regeneration peptides (nrps) are small synthetic peptides that stimulate neural proliferation, migration, and differentiation with no apparent toxicity and high target specificity in cns. in the ...

in this study organotypic adult spinal cord slices were used to investigate whether caspases could participate in the apoptosis of motor neurons. the thoracic region of spinal cord was sliced using a tissue chopper and cultured in a medium for 6h. morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis were assessed by fluorescent staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl nick end labeling (tunel) met...

introduction: (s)- 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (dhpg) is an agonist for group i metabotropic glutamate receptors. dhpg-induced synaptic depression of excitatory synapses on hippocampal pyramidal neurons is well known model for synaptic plasticity studies. the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of dhpg superfusion on excitatory synapses on pyramidal and fast-spiking gabaergic cel...

There is strong evidence demonstrating that nifedipine dissolved in ethanol selectively inhibits only L-type Ca2+ current. In addition, acute ethanol exposure reduces voltage-dependent calcium currents. In the present study, we investigated the antagonistic effect of fixed concentration of nifedipine dissolved in different concentration of ethanol on L-type Ca2+ current. In a Na+-K+ free soluti...

spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is a genetic disorder which affect nervous system and is characterized with progressive distal motor neuron weakness. the survival motor neuron (smn) protein level reduces in patients with sma. two different genes code survival motor neuron protein in human genome. skeletal and intercostal muscles denervation lead to weakness, hypotony, hyporeflexia, respiratory fa...

Cell-gene therapy is a dynamic constituent of novel medical biotechnology. Neurodegenerative disordersin which damage to or demise of specific brain cell types plays central role, are clear examples of diseasecandidate for cell replacement therapy. Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons biosynthesize dopamine, a vitalneurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Due to the involveme...

background and objective: deprenyl is a drug for the treatment of parkinson’s disease, where the dopaminergic neurons are the target of this drug. several reports also documented that deprenyl has an effect on the sensory and motor neurons. there are some reports about the mode of action of deprenyl on motoneurons as a neuroprotective agent, while others believe that deprenyl acts as a neurores...