An understanding of rates and mechanisms of incision and knickpoint retreat in bedrock rivers is fundamental to perceptions of landscape response to external drivers, yet only sparse field data are available. Here we present eye witness accounts and quantitative surveys of rapid, amphitheatre-headed gorge formation in unweathered granite from the overtopping of a rock-cut dam spillway by small-...

driven erosion could govern tectonic deformation has instigated a decade of geodynamic models and geological studies 5 that explore potential climate–tectonic feedbacks. According to this idea, erosion of mass from Earth’s surface may determine where tectonic deformation is most rapid. Consequently, heavy precipitation, rapid erosion and active faulting are predicted to be spatially correlated ...

the propose of this paper is to introduce a new model for crude oil fouling in preheat trains of crude distillation unit. the experimental results of australian light crude oil with the tube side surface temperatures between 200-260 oc and fluid velocity ranged 0.25 to 0.4m/s were used. the activation energy of chemical reaction depends on the surface temperature has been calculated.  the model...

Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems faults are inevitable due to installation errors, degradation, and other reasons. It is of great value quantitatively understand the impact on VRF performance clarify changing trends variables under different types through experiments. In particular, experimental analysis simultaneous situations helpful improve fault detection diagnosis technology systems...

Large-scale heat pumps can contribute towards the decarbonisation of district heating systems and industrial processes. Unidentified faults have a negative impact on availability, performance maintenance costs pump systems. This study provides description related to operation 53 based vapour compression cycle. Faults were characterized according potential causes, mitigation or prevention implic...

introduction tectonic of binaloud mountain ranges is controled by thrust faults system and folds related to these faults. parts of this mountain ranges and neyshabour plain is as study area in north eastern iran and between latitudes 36° 11´ 00 to 36° 30´ 00 and longitudes 58° 35´ 00 to 59° 00´ 00. in this paper we first study morphometric indices in this area then analyze drainages and allovia...

this paper presents the results of an investigation on the effects of concentration of cations on activated sludge properties and membrane fouling in submerge membrane bioreactors. the working volume of the experimental setup was two liters. the cellulose acetate membrane was immersed in the bioreactor. the flocculability, settling properties and fouling propensity of activated sludge was measu...

In this paper, a robust fault detection and isolation (FDI) scheme is developed to monitor a multivariable nonlinear chemical process called the Chylla-Haase polymerization reactor, when it is under the cascade PI control. The scheme employs a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) in an independent mode to model the process dynamics, and using the weighted sum-squared prediction error as...