This commentary on Potts et al provides a critical view on their thesis that increasing the level of education among women is likely to reduce terrorism. Presence of a strong family planning program enables women to control family size resulting in women’s public participation more likely and facilitating the emergence of small birth cohorts who are less likely to become unemployed. In spite of...

Frequency lowering technologies offer an alternative amplification solution for severe to profound high frequency hearing losses. While frequency lowering technologies may improve audibility of high frequency sounds, the very nature of this processing can affect the perceived sound quality. This article reports the results from two studies that investigated the impact of a nonlinear frequency c...

Seizure control is often affected by seizure threshold lowering behaviours. In this case report, the authors address excessive caffeine ingestion from tea with increased seizure frequency. When decaffeinated beverages were substituted for the tea, seizure frequency returned to baseline. Similar findings occurred when the patient was re-challenged. The authors recommend avoidance of excessive ca...

OBJECTIVES The authors have demonstrated that the limited bandwidth associated with conventional hearing aid amplification prevents useful high-frequency speech information from being transmitted. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of two popular frequency-lowering algorithms and one novel algorithm (spectral envelope decimation) in adults with mild to moderate sensorineural ...

Frequency lowering in hearing aids is not a new concept, but modern advances in technology have allowed it to be performed more efficiently and on select portions of the spectrum. Nonlinear frequency compression reduces the frequency spacing in a band of high-frequency energy so that more information is carried in the audible bandwidth. Frequency transposition and translation techniques lower o...

BACKGROUND Typically, symmetrical markings are made to lower the inframammary fold (IMF) according to the surgeon's judgment. Because inferomedial fascial attachments of the IMF may at times compromise the proper seating of the implant in this area, causing excessive superior projection, asymmetrical lowering of the IMF is performed to allow for increased lowering of the inferomedial aspect of ...