Endoscopy is, currently, the initial investigation of choice for the investigation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in clinical practice and clinical research. Erosion severity is predictive of a patient's response to therapy and of the likelihood of relapse after therapy. It is, therefore, important to grade the severity of erosive reflux esophagitis, particularly in the context of cl...

Sandifer syndrome (SS), a movement disorder which is characterised by spasmodic torsional dystonia with back arching and rigid opisthotonic posturing, negatively impacting predominantly the neck, back, upper extremities. Symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux disease, esophagitis, or presence of hiatal hernia are all associated syndrome. The cause being uncertain, lifestyle adjustments modificati...

Introduction: Atrial arrhythmia is a common complication in patients with gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD). The treatment of palpitation is relatively problematic in these patients, especially if there is not enough evidence of cardiovascular or systemic diseases. The esophagus is in close proximity to the left atrium posterior wall. Hypothetically, locally released cytokines from esopha...

introduction: gastro-esophageal reflux (ger) is common among children of different ages and treatment is necessary since it could turn in to gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) and cause complications. in patients that do not respond to medical treatment and patients that have complications such as repeated apnea, pneumonia, stricture caused by esophagitis and failure to thrive, surgical tre...

Patients that do not respond satisfactorily to standard proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment have become the most common presentation of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in third referral gastrointestinal practices. The causes of refractory GERD include lack of compliance with treatment, residual acid reflux and weakly acidic reflux, esophageal hypersensitivity and persistent symptoms n...

Background: The frequency of gastro-esophageal reflux disease is rising, and there has been a real spread of the disease as a consequence of modernity, lifestyle, dietary and behavioral norms, stress, work conditions and life in general. It is usually diagnosed with radiographic methods that employ contrast dyes, endoscopes, catheters and capsules to measure the intra-esophageal pH, impedance m...