To accomplish network layer integration of terrestrial and satellite IP networks, special exterior gateway protocols are needed. In this work, a new exterior gateway protocol calledBorder Gateway Protocol Satellite version (BGP-S) is introduced that enables automated discovery of paths that go through the satellite network. This protocol is designed to work in only one terrestrial gateway in ev...

A gateway event [26] is a change to a system that leads to the possibility of huge increases in kinds and levels of complexity. It opens up a whole new kind of phase space to the system’s dynamics. Gateway events during evolution of life on earth include the appearance of eukaryotes (organisms with a cell nucleus), an oxygen atmosphere, multicelled organisms, and grass. Gateway events during th...

A gateway event [35] is a change to a system that leads to the possibility of huge increases in kinds and levels of complexity. It opens up a whole new kind of phase space to the system’s dynamics. Gateway events during evolution of life on earth include the appearance of eukaryotes (organisms with a cell nucleus), an oxygen atmosphere, multi-cellular organisms and grass. Gateway events during ...

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) consists of a set of wireless nodes which are connected but can freely move. These mobile nodes include a particular type of nodes, known as ‘gateway’ nodes, which are directly connected with internet and other mobile nodes in a MANET get internet access through them. Prior to access, any mobile node requires discovering such a nearest gateway node using a gateway ...

The extraordinary growth of interconnected computer network & pervasive trends of using this network as new field for conducting Business process are stimulating the demand for new payment methods. These new methods attain high level of security, speed, privacy, decentralization & internationalization. This seminar surveys the state of art in payment technology & we proposed model for electroni...

The connection of ad-hoc networks to the Internet is typically established via gateways. To start an Internet connection, in a first step gateways have to be discovered by the mobile nodes within the ad-hoc cluster. Several gateway selection schemes have been proposed that select gateway nodes based on a single Quality of Service parameter, link capacity, link quality, path availability period,...

In recent years, researchers have been attracted to clustering methods to improve communication and data transmission in a network. Compared with traditional wireless networks, wireless sensor networks are energy constrained and have lower data rates. The concept of implementing a clustering algorithm in an existing project on gateway relocation is being explored here. Low energy adaptive clust...

In the recent years, there exist an ever-growing demand for ubiquitous connectivity which requires seamless integration of Mobile Ad hoc Network, Wireless LAN and Cellular networks. Integration of these networks results in a heterogeneous wireless network (HWN) architecture which is capable of providing high data-rate, end-to-end connectivity utilizing the higher bandwidth of multi-hop networks...

The dynamic nature of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) may result in a cluster of nodes being isolated from the rest of the network, especially when deployed in a terrain with blockages. To provide connectivity between the partitions of an ad hoc network that might occur due to mobility, a ‘range extension’ network can be employed. Such a network might consist of airborne communication platforms...