introduction : according to drug gateway theory, smoking cigarette, especially, low onset age of smoking, is one of the risk factors for future use. objective the present study deals with comparison of nicotine addicts and opiate addicts in order to identify that what differences in personality traits and onset age of smoking exist in these two groups that cause some individuals to appeal to ot...

A hybrid Mobile AdHoc Network (MANET) is provided by gateways (GWs), which connect the MANET to the Internet. Hybrid MANETs are vulnerable to more security threats while routing through the gateways. To guarantee secure hence efficient data routing and transmission, In this paper, we propose to design a data aware secure gateway selection technique for hybrid MANET. In our technique, gateway is...

in this paper, new features of satellite configuration, such as ip network  based infrastructure and separated signaling and media  are considered to propose a variety of satellite configurations in different orbits. because of their  different altitude in space such as low earth orbit(leo) and geostationary orbit (geo). a test bed used to test call setup delay in a one space link to process th...

This paper presents a reliable gateway for communication between the LIN, CAN, FlexRay protocols. A gateway is indispensable device for constructing in-vehicle networks. Networks with different protocols have to include an additional gateway in order to exchange information among different networks. The main function of the gateway is translation. However, there is some latency when a message i...

Several gateway-based congestion control mechanism have been proposed to support an end-to-end congestion control mechanism of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). One of promising gateway-based congestion control mechanisms is a RED (Random Early Detection) gateway. Although a number of researches on the steady state performance of the RED gateway have been performed, the transient behavior of...

Mobile users are expected to demand access to the Internet anywhere and anytime. In a MANET context, a device which is about to connect to external hosts needs the route to the element which communicates the MANET with the Internet. This element is the Internet Gateway. To inform about its presence as well as about some configuration parameters, the Gateway sends MRA messages. In a similar way ...