Drawing on data from various sources, this article compares the 1980 and 1983 levels of spending on social security and health in the United States with the levels in seven other countries: Canada, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Sweden, and Japan. Currently, in the United States, social security is customarily understood to include only old-age, survivors, and disability ...

A landmark review of studies published prior to 1989 on socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity supported the view that obesity in the developing world would be essentially a disease of the socioeconomic elite. The present review, on studies conducted in adult populations from developing countries, published between 1989 and 2003, shows a different scenario for the relationship between SES and o...

One of the most provocative developments in the u.s. economy during the 191)0s was the rapid increase in net foreign claims on U.S. assets, \vith its counterpart in a large domestic trade deficit. To som(:" observers. the heightened pace of foreign acquisition of u.s. assets was clear evidence of an improved investment climate and so should be regarded as a sign of strength To others, however, ...

This paper examines the link between the health indicators and the environmental variables for a cross-section of countries widely dispersed on the economic development spectrum. While environment and income are seen to have an inverted-U shaped relationship (Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis), it is also well established that environment and health are positively related. Our study ...

Private social welfare expenditures were $680.7 billion in calendar year 1990. Viewed as a share of gross national product (GNP), private expenditures were 12.3 percent for calendar year 1990, while public expenditures for fiscal year 1990 were 19.1 percent of GNP (table 1). The private social welfare expenditure series was developed by the Social Security Administration (SSA) in 1955, with pro...

T H E desirability as wel l as the difficulty o f obtaining reliable estimates o f import demand elasticities is clearly demonstrated by the extensive literature on the subject during the last few decades. Interest i n price elasticities o f import demand originated in Marshall's [14] discussion o f the possibility o f a devaluation causing a deterioration rather than an improvement in the bala...

The health variable used in the examples is the infant mortality rate (IMR) per 1,000 live births (LB), obtained from PAHO’s basic indicators for 1997.6 The other demographic indicators used come from the same source.6 The socioeconomic variable was gross national product (GNP) per capita, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP), obtained from the World Bank7 and also published in PAHO’s bas...

One of the most important physical factors related to the thermal conductivity of composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) is the dimensions of the GNPs, that is, their lateral size and thickness. In this study, we reveal the relationship between the thermal conductivity of polymer composites and the realistic size of GNP fillers within the polymer composites (measured using three-d...

On April 27, 2009, President Barack Obama addressed members of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) gathered at its 146th annual meeting in Washington, D.C. In his speech, the president shared his plans to give science and technology a central role in the nation's future and an immediate place in America's economic renewal. He outlined steps he is taking to increase research spending, achieve...

BACKGROUND An ecological analysis was conducted of the relationship between tuberculosis notification rates and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema in 85 centres from 23 countries in which standardised data are available. These essentially comprised countries in Europe as well as the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. METHODS Tuberculosi...