Biomass feedstocks are densified to facilitate easy handling, transportation and storage. Densification is a process of transforming loose biomass into highly densified form by the application of mechanical pressure. The mechanism involved in the process of densification is difficult to understand from existing information. A comprehensive understanding of the densification process for biomass ...

We report on the results of a comparative study in which the mechanical response of both fully dense and porous lowdielectric thin films was evaluated using two different techniques: nanoindentation and the plane-strain bulge test. Stiffness values measured by nanoindentation are systematically higher than those obtained using the bulge test technique. The difference between the measurements is...

The increasing importance of powdered materials fabrication has led to an increasing emphasis on the understanding of the powder behavior during compaction. During compaction, a powder mass undergoes densification owing to various mechanisms, i.e. sliding, rotation, deformation and/or fracturing of the constituent particles. These densification mechanisms are very dependent upon the powder char...

Pyroplastic deformation is a distortion of the ceramic shape during the sintering process. It occurs because the flow of the vitreous phase at high temperature and the applied stress due to the weight of the product during sintering process. The aim of this paper deals with describing a numerical-experimental method to evaluate the pyroplastic deformation, to predict the anisotropic shrinkage a...

PURPOSE It is essential to have sufficient bone bulk and density at the implant site in order to achieve good bone-to-implant contact and primary stability, which are crucial for osseointegration. A new osteotomy preparation technique was recently introduced that uses a bone preservation method that creates a layer of compacted bone along the surface of the osteotomy. The hypothesis of this stu...

In one form of powder methods, the powder is compressed in a die and subsequently sintered. The final dimensions are determined by the powder, die, compaction pressure, and sintering densification cycle. The higher the compaction pressure, the higher the final density and properties. Minimal densification occurs in sintering if the powders are large and the sintering temperature is low. This is...

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are strong candidates for future fifth generation (5G) heterogeneous cellular networks. For 5G, a network densification with a high number of different classes of users and data service requirements is expected. Such a large number of connected devices needs to be separated in order to allow the detection of the transmitted signals according...

We report experimental data of creep cavity shrinkage for dispersion-strengthened-cast aluminum with about 23 vol pct submicron Al2O3 dispersoids, annealed isothermally or subjected to thermal cycling without applied stress. Thermal cycling is found to increase the rate of densification by a factor of 3 to 5.5 relative to isothermal annealing at the upper cycling temperature, allowing for recov...

LLE Review, Volume 85 15 Introduction Fused silica (SiO2) exhibits some unique features when it is ground or polished. It also densifies permanently under large compressive stresses at room temperature;1–3 up to 15% permanent densification has been observed.2,3 The experimental data for densification from different works, however, are obviously inconsistent,4 which may result from different lev...