Evoked transmitter release depends upon calcium influx into synaptic boutons, but mechanisms regulating bouton calcium levels and spontaneous transmitter release are obscure. To understand these processes better, we monitored calcium transients in axons and presynaptic terminals of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slice cultures. Action potentials reliably evoke calcium transients in axons and ...

This paper presents a summary of a literature search performed by the authors as part of an ongoing research project aimed at developing more reliable models for representing transformers in lowand mid-frequency transients. The document includes a summary of models proposed to date, as well as modeling guidelines for nonlinear and frequency dependent phenomena associated with lowand midfrequenc...

Cho K-H, Jang H-J, Lee E-H, Yoon SH, Hahn SJ, Jo Y-H, Kim M-S, Rhie D-J. Differential cholinergic modulation of Ca transients evoked by backpropagating action potentials in apical and basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 99: 2833–2843, 2008. First published April 16, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.00063.2008. The effect of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh) on backpropagatin...

This presentation gives a review of models proposed for representing transformers in low-frequency transients. The document presents a classification of the most popular models and discusses guidelines for representation of non-linear and frequency dependent phenomena associated with transients below the first winding resonance.

We apply time-frequency analysis to various acoustic transients. Estimates of the conditional mean frequency and the conditional bandwidth exhibit characteristic trends for different transients. This information may be helpful in distinguishing between different classes of transients, and in understanding the underlying mechanisms generating the transient. 1. INTRODUCTION One of the primary mea...

Confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluo 4 were used to visualize local and whole cell Ca(2+) transients within individual smooth muscle cells (SMC) of intact, pressurized rat mesenteric small arteries during activation of alpha1-adrenoceptors. A method was developed to record the Ca(2+) transients within individual SMC during the changes in arterial diameter. Three distinct types of "Ca(2+)...