Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a fundamental variable for assessing water balance and the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Terrestrial ET deeply dependent on land cover as it derives mainly from soil evaporation plant transpiration. The majority of well-known process-based models based Penman–Monteith equation focus atmospheric interfaces (e.g. radiation, temperature humidity), lacking exp...

In geological remote sensing approaches for estimating evapotranspiration, METRIC method is among the most modern and precise that many positive experiments have been reported regarding its applicability. this study, value of actual evapotranspiration (ET) occurred in Marvdasht farmlands, Fars province, Iran, was calculated instantaneously (hourly) daily (24 hours), at 24 April 2017 using Lansa...

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) makes hourly measurements of river discharge every day at thousands of stream-gauge stations across the United States. Regular patterns of diurnal variation have been observed in hundreds of these rivers, many of which are primary water sources for cities, industries, and agriculture. Diurnal cycles are evident in many river records (Figure 1, Merced R...

Correlations between surface ozone and meteorological variables exhibit a north-south gradient over the Eastern United States (US), with the ozoneetemperature correlation weakening and the ozoneehumidity correlation transitioning from positive to negative south of 37 N. Using 17 years of hourly August ozone, nitrogen oxide, and isoprene measurements from the Environmental Protection Agency’s Ai...

Accurate estimates of actual crop evapotranspiration (ET) are important for optimal irrigation water management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Common ET sensing methods include Bowen Ratio, Eddy Covariance (EC), and scintillometers. Large weighing lysimeters are considered the ultimate standard for measurement of ET, however, they are expensive to install and maintain. Although EC a...

Evapotranspiration is one of the key elements water balance in nature. It significantly influences supply unsaturated zone a soil profile. The source for biosphere. aim this study to measure, calculate and analyze course actual evapotranspiration, precipitation dew totals as well flows at lower boundary change content specified volume. measurements are used verifying results numerical simulatio...

Hourly evapotranspiration (ET) crop coefficients (Kc) are needed to optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of high-frequency microand sprinkler irrigation practices involving the application of water multiple times a day. However, not much is known about the daily and seasonal patterns and magnitudes in hourly Kc values for soybean. In addition, locally developed Kc values are necessary for ...