unheated CO2 (U-CO2) in laparoscopic patients. Efficacy data were derived from a published randomised controlled trial reporting on the proportion of patients with hypothermia, a US database analysis of hypothermia patients for open surgery, and from an unpublished UK NHS before and after study of laparoscopic surgery patients. Other parameter inputs were obtained from published literature. Det...

Two summer outbreaks of humidifier fever (HF) are described in a microprocessor factory (factory A) and a printing factory (factory B). The air in each factory was humidified intermittently and controlled by present humidistats operating to maintain a relative humidity of 45% by an air handler incorporating a spray humidifier in factory A and two ceiling mounted spray humidifiers in factory B. ...

A humidification–dehumidification desalination system powered by low-grade waste heat energy (45 °C–70 °C) was experimentally investigated. The seawater directly utilized as coolant (25 for the dehumidifier preheated latent recovery from water vapor produced humidifier. effect of key performance-contributing factors such mass flow rate and temperature air feed at inlets humidifier were evaluate...

BACKGROUND Nasal CPAP is widely used in neonatal ICUs. Aerosolized medications such as inhaled steroids and β agonists are commonly administered in-line through nasal CPAP, especially to infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We hypothesized that aerosol delivery to the lungs via variable-flow nasal CPAP in an in vitro model would be unreliable, and that the delivery would depend on the posit...

When a water distribution system (WDS) is contaminated, short-term inhalation exposures to airborne contaminants could occur as the result of domestic water use. The most important domestic sources of such exposures are likely to be showering and the use of aerosol-producing humidifiers, i.e., ultrasonic and impeller (cool-mist) units. A framework is presented for assessing the potential effect...

BACKGROUND This study describes 17 families with 38 lung injury patients (14 males, 24 females; 22 preschool-age children less than six years of age and 16 individuals of 13-50 years) who used disinfectant added to humidifiers in the home. METHODS Clinical examination and humidifier disinfectant-use histories were taken, and a thorough home investigation was performed to assess exposure to hu...

BACKGROUND The type of aerosol generator and the position in the ventilator circuit are crucial to determine aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation. We compared lung deposition of albuterol aerosols generated by 4 different nebulizers placed in-line in 4 different positions in a pediatric ventilator model. METHODS Two brands of continuously operated jet nebulizer (6 L/ min, oxygen), a...

INTRODUCTION The helmet may be an effective interface for the delivery of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. The high internal gas volume of the helmet can act as a 'mixing chamber', in which the humidity of the patient's expired alveolar gases increases the humidity of the dry medical gases, thus avoiding the need for active humidification. We evaluated the temperature and humidity of ...