Solid (heterogeneous) catalysts (1–4) are favored in industrial processes because they eliminate the need to separate the catalyst from the products. Heterogeneous catalysts can be solid acids, bases, supported metals, mixed metal oxides, or multifunctional materials. Commercial processes based on solid acids outnumber all others, and zeolites (and closely related materials) are usually the sol...

This study investigated on the co-pyrolysis of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste mixtures which was performed with three types catalysts, namely limestone (LS), HZSM-5 zeolite, novel bi-functional LS/HZSM-5/LS. Kissinger-Kai (K-K) model-free method coupled Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) model-fitting using thermogravimetric experimental data. A global s...

The dynamics of N2O decomposition to gaseous nitrogen and oxygen over HZSM-5 catalysts with a low iron content (200 and 1000 ppm) was studied by the transient response method in the temperature range 523–653 K. The active catalysts were prepared from HZSM-5 with Fe in the framework on its steaming at 823 K followed by thermal activation in He at 1323 K. Two main steps were distinguished in the ...

Aromatics and cyclic-hydrocarbons are the significant components of jet fuel with high energy-density. However, conventional technologies for bio-fuel production cannot produce these products without further aromatization and isomerization. In this work, renewable liquid fuel with high content of aromatics and cyclic-hydrocarbons was obtained through aqueous catalytic conversion of biomass sorb...

The direct production of liquid fuels from CO2 hydrogenation has attracted enormous interest for its significant roles in mitigating CO2 emissions and reducing dependence on petrochemicals. Here we report a highly efficient, stable and multifunctional Na-Fe3O4/HZSM-5 catalyst, which can directly convert CO2 to gasoline-range (C5-C11) hydrocarbons with selectivity up to 78% of all hydrocarbons w...

The tetralin hydrocracking process into benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) was investigated over metal-modified (Ga, Nb, Ni, NiMo, Sn, W, Zr or H3[P(W3O10)4])/ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts without sulfidation procedures, mechanism analyzed, compared with a pristine microporous material in packed bed reactor under applied atmospheric pressure (p). This experimental study presents an investigation of ...

Zirconium phosphate (ZrP), an inorganic layered nanomaterial, is currently being investigated as a catalyst support for transition metal-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Two metal-modified ZrP catalyst systems were synthesized: metal-intercalated ZrP and metal-adsorbed ZrP, each involving Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) cations. Fourier transform infrared spec...

ZnO modified ZSM-5 and Y zeolites are synthesized by performing atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO to HZSM-5 and HY using diethyl zinc and water as the precursors. The surface area and pore volume of ZSM-5 and Y zeolites are progressively reduced with the increasing number of ZnO ALD cycles. XRD and SEM characterization methods show that highly dispersed ZnO species are deposited on the inter...