AbstractAIMS: Aims: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused not only global pandemic, but it also pointed at unprepared health care systems and countermeasures were introduced under the pressure of urgent circumstances. This review is focused on discussion critical evaluation instrumental tools for COVID-19 diagnosis that developed in last months. METHODS: Survey actual literature scient...

Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an extremely contagious pathogen that causes deadly diseases in carnivores worldwide. Objectives: Considering the effect of CDV on host immune system and increased risk other infections, present study aimed to investigate incidence coinfection with Bordetella bronchiseptica, using genomic serological methods. Methods: In this study, 50 blood samples, ...

Immunochromatography (IC) is an antigen-detection assay that plays an important role in the rapid diagnosis of influenza virus because the protocol is short time and easy to use. Despite the usability of IC, the sensitivity is approximately 10(3) pfu per reaction. In addition, antigen-antibody interaction-based method cannot be used for the detection of influenza viruses with major antigenic ch...

The usefulness of the measurement of urinary lactoferrin (LF) released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and of an immunochromatography test strip devised for measuring urinary LF for the simple and rapid diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI) was evaluated. Urine specimens were collected from apparently healthy persons and patients diagnosed as suffering from UTI. In the preliminary study...