background & aim : researchers in the nursing science study complex constructs for which valid and reliable instruments are needed. when an instrument is created, psychometric testing is required, and the first-step is to study the content validity of the instrument. this article focuses on the process used to assess the content validity. methods & materials : this article examines the definiti...

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common among people who inject drugs (PWID) on methadone program in Iran (Persia). However, a few PWID on methadone program report willingness to receive HCV treatment. This study aimed to assess the factors which were associated with willingness to receive HCV treatment in a group of PWID on methadone program in Iran.Methods: We surveyed 187 PWID at seven...

causal prepositions по and из-зa in russian language are used for theexpression of undesirable or inconvenient facts and conditions and carrynegative charge and connotation. however, their usage requires differentgrammatical structures. moreover, they are used with different nouns.therefore, the sublties invovlved in some similar cases of the usage of theseprepositions for the expression of cau...

sleep deprivation (sd) increases the risk of human-error related accidents and a major cause of motor vehicle accidents. the overall prevalence of insufficient sleep in adults has been estimated at 20%. according to a comprehensive study prevalence of daytime sleepiness, among young adults (age 21 to 30 years), the average nocturnal sleep time during weekdays was 6.7 hours and on weekends was 7...

Some of the difficulties and misunderstandings that happen in accounting theory, practice, regulation and education are grounded in language and linguistics. As an illustration of this the Persian equivalent of 'accounting' is linguistically analysed to reveal how a mistranslation may cause difficulties in understanding and improving Iranian Accounting. This paper shows how Hesaabdaaree is not ...