نتایج جستجو برای: income countries are 0132
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BACKGROUND More than 80% of deaths from cardiovascular disease are estimated to occur in low-income and middle-income countries, but the reasons are unknown. METHODS We enrolled 156,424 persons from 628 urban and rural communities in 17 countries (3 high-income, 10 middle-income, and 4 low-income countries) and assessed their cardiovascular risk using the INTERHEART Risk Score, a validated sc...
the twin deficits (budget deficit and current account deficit) have been argued in the economic literature since 1980s. this is a period in which the studies about budget deficit and the current account deficit were significantly increased in the united states. in the economic literature, there are two hypothesis: keynesian hypothesis and ricardian equivalence. the keynesian proposition confirm...
Environmental quality is affected by many factors such as economic and political inequality. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of income and political inequality on the environment quality in the selected countries. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the effects of gini coefficient, democracy index and income per capita, energy consumption and human deve...
OBJECTIVES To calculate cigarette affordability for a number of countries using different techniques and data, to investigate trends since 1990 and to assess the appropriateness of different measures of affordability. DESIGN Two existing measures were specified. Relative income price (RIP) uses per capita gross domestic product (GDP) as the measure of income, while "minutes of labour" is base...
There are marked differences in methods used for undertaking economic evaluations across low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. We outline the most apparent dissimilarities and reflect on their underlying reasons. We randomly sampled 50 studies from each of three country income groups from a comprehensive database of 2844 economic evaluations published between January 2012 and Ma...
This paper presents, within a framework of the Solow model, evidence that there should be two different reasons for convergence. One is due to diminishing returns to capital and the other is due to technological diffusion. This paper shows that OECD and low income countries follow a pattern of conditional convergence but middle income countries do not. This seems to imply that technological dif...
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