Recent evidence indicates that color categories can exert a strong influence over color matching in both perception and memory. We explore this phenomenon by analyzing the cost function for perceptual error. Our analysis is developed within the mathematical framework of rate–distortion theory. According to our approach, the goal of perception is to minimize the expected cost of error while subj...

for each media condition as the extent of survival and reproduction (fitness) of the deletion strain relative to the pool of all strains grown and measured collectively. Fitness values (f) of 1.0 indicate no difference between a single strain and the pool average for that condition; f , 1.0 indicates that the strain is less fit, and f . 1.0 indicates that the strain is more fit than the pool av...

In this paper we present a series of item response models of data collected using the Force Concept Inventory. The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) was designed to poll the Newtonian conception of force viewed as a multidimensional concept, that is, as a complex of distinguishable conceptual dimensions. Several previous studies have developed single-trait item response models of FCI data; however,...

Genetic studies are increasingly detecting cryptic taxa that likely represent a significant component of global biodiversity. However, often criticized because they typically detected serendipitously and may not receive the follow-up study required to verify their geographic or evolutionary limits. Here, we Eucalyptus salubris unexpectedly two divergent lineages but was sampled sufficiently mak...

1. Abstract: The construction of facial composites by assembling individual facial features is common in criminal investigations. Arguably, the best known such method is E-FIT (electronic facial identication technique). However, although humans have excellent facial recognition ability, it is widely recognised that they often have great difficulty recalling facial characteristics in sufficient ...

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common disease among youngsters and self-efficacy is a crucial factor in these patients. Various variables, including demographic characteristics and disease symptoms, affect self-efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the relationship between these factors using a clear and comprehensive model. Aim: this s...

The Lalezar granitoids crop out within volcanic successions of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage (UDMA). These granitoids have a range from gabbro-diorites to granites in composition. The mineral compositions of the most felsic rocks are characterized by the abundances of Na-plagioclase, quartz, alkali feldspar, biotite and hornblende. In the gabbro-diorite rocks, plagioclase (Ca-rich), h...