W e read the published article entitled " An anatomical study of the inferior oblique muscle with emphasis on its nerve entry " by Kumar et al. (1) This study described the entry of the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve to the inferior oblique muscle and the topographical anatomy of the muscle. We would like to take this opportunity to share some important scientific facts. We agree wit...

Vertical fusional vergence (VFV) normally compensates for slight vertical heterophorias. We employed magnetic resonance imaging to clarify extraocular muscle contributions to VFV induced by monocular two-prism diopter (1.15°) base-up prism in 14 normal adults. Fusion during prism viewing requires monocular infraduction. Scans were repeated without prism, and with prism shifted contralaterally. ...

Background: Isolated rectus muscle ruptures are rare ophthalmic emergencies which may result in permanent diplopia. Objective: To highlight updates on clinical features, surgical treatment options and potential complications for isolated inferior rectus ruptures. Case: A 39-year-old man came to our emergency department complaining of diplopia and upward deviation of the right eye after experien...

AIMS To assess the results of visual axis alignment following one stage adjustable suture surgery to correct vertical diplopia. METHOD Eight patients with a mean age of 44.9 years (range 16-80 years) complaining of vertical diplopia underwent rectus muscle recession under local anaesthesia with intraoperative adjustment of sutures. Diplopia was secondary to superior oblique paresis in four pa...

Port site wound infection, abdominal wall hematoma and intraabdominal abscess formation has been reported after laparoscopic appendicectomy. We describe here a rectus sheath abscess which occurred three weeks after the laparoscopic appendicectomy. It was most likely the result of secondary infection of the rectus sheath hematoma due to bleeding into the rectus sheath from damage to the inferior...

INTRODUCTION Injury is a known cause of monocular blindness. Ocular trauma may affect lacrimal canaliculi and the extraocular muscle. We report this case as it includes injury to lid, lacrimal canaliculi and inferior rectus. CASE DESCRIPTION A 25-year-old male presented with an injury caused by a sharp object that resulted in a conjunctival tear, lid tear involving the lacrimal canal, and rup...

FIG. I Superior and inferior rectus muscles are displaced temporally, the nasal tip of each muscle being attached at the temporal end of the original insertion and the temporal tip being attached at the upper or lower end of the lateral rectus. The direction of the vertical rectus muscles is thereby changed, so that they abduct instead ofadducting. The operation is completed with a recession of...