To achieve normoglycemia in people with diabetes, the complex hormonal and neuronal influences that regulate glucose homeostasis must be understood and addressed. In addition to insulin deficiency, abnormalities include dysregulation in the secretion and/or action of glucagon, incretins, and other counterregulatory hormones. Efforts to restore normalmetabolism in diabetes with insulin therapy a...

OBJECTIVE To summarize the role, benefits, and risks of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy for treating diabetes. DATA SOURCES A literature search was conducted in Medline (1996 to July 2008) using the search terms intensive insulin therapy, insulin pump, and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Reference lists from comprehensive review articles were also used to ide...

background: by decreasing oxidative stress and whereby decreasing insulin resistance, it may be possible to decrease complications of diabetes mellitus (dm). green tea and sour tea contain phytochemicals which have anti-oxidative function. the aim of this study is to compare the effect of sour and green tea consumption on insulin resistance and oxidative stress in dm. methods: this study is a r...

BACKGROUND The use of insulin pumps is rapidly increasing and new, technologically more advanced pumps are continuously being developed. It is of interest to assess the clinical relevance of the many technical features of these pumps, e.g., the effect on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with change in infusion rate. METHOD The aim of this study was to explore the sequence of pharmacokine...

OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for death after coronary artery bypass grafting. Its relative risk may be related to the level of perioperative hyperglycemia. We hypothesized that strict glucose control with a continuous insulin infusion in the perioperative period would reduce hospital mortality. METHODS All patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (n = ...

Insulin stimulates the renin-angiotensin system and induces renal vasodilation. The relationship between these opposing influences of insulin on renal vascular tone has not been explored. A hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and sham insulin clamp each of 270 min duration were performed in 15 healthy individuals during high sodium balance. An angiotensin receptor blocker was administered at time...

INTRODUCTION The effects of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) infusion were examined in patients on insulin pump therapy to determine whether PP administration can reduce insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 3c diabetes mellitus (T3cDM; pancreatogenic). METHODS Ten subjects with long-standing T1DM (n = 7) or T3cDM (n = 3) on insulin pump treatment received a...