OBJECTIVE To characterize fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels that may be indicative of Th2-mediated airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS This single-visit, outpatient study was conducted in 200 patients aged 40 years and older with COPD. All patients underwent spirometry and FeNO testing. COPD severity was classified according t...

The task of our research is to form phone-like models and a phoneme-like set from spoken word samples without using any transcriptions except for the lexical identi cation of each word in a vocabulary. This framework is derived from two motivations: 1) automatic design of optimal speech recognition units and structures of phone models, and 2) multi-lingual speech recognition based on languagein...

A large number of choices exist when designing a reliable memory system. The choices range from simple replication to complex error control codes (ECC). Simple replication (without ECC) has a better performance as compared to systems using ECC, as ECC necessitate decoding, deteriorating the performance. Clearly, simple replication improves performance at the cost of increased redundancy. An int...

The MacWilliams identity, which relates the weight distribution of a code to the weight distribution of its dual code, is useful in determining the weight distribution of codes. In this paper, we first provide an alternative proof to the MacWilliams identity for linear codes with the Hamming metric. An intermediate result of our approach is that the Hamming weight enumerator of the dual of any ...

‎s‎. ‎kim et al‎. ‎have been analyzed the girth of some algebraically‎ ‎structured quasi-cyclic (qc) low-density parity-check (ldpc)‎ ‎codes‎, ‎i.e‎. ‎tanner $(3,5)$ of length $5p$‎, ‎where $p$ is a prime of‎ ‎the form $15m+1$‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎by extension this method to‎ ‎tanner $(3,7)$ codes of length $7p$‎, ‎where $p$ is a prime of the‎ ‎form $21m‎+ ‎1$‎, ‎the girth values of tanner $(3,7...

in this paper, we propose space-time block codes based on constituent intersectant orthogonal designs. after channel model is formulated, we studied the space-time block codes from constituent intersectant orthogonal designs. at last we made simulations for the space-time block codes from complex orthogonal design and the space-time block codes from constituent intersectant orthogonal design to...

The most popular method for computing the matrix logarithm is a combination of inverse scaling and squaring in conjunction with Padé approximation, sometimes accompanied by Schur decomposition. In this work, we present Taylor series algorithm, based on free-transformation approach technique, that uses recent polynomial formulas evaluating approximation more efficiently than Paterson–Stockmeyer ...

A growth of Industry 4.0 standards are increasing day by day. Various research application and problem statements coming to create multiple automation environments. Blockchain technology is the important evolution produce dynamic avoid intermediate middleware processing systems. In this paper we propose a blockchain based automated construction modelling analysis system. Here check efficiency s...

Nonhost resistance is often conceptualized as a qualitative separation from host resistance. Classification into these two states is generally facile, as they fail to fully describe the range of states that exist in the transition from host to nonhost. This poses a problem when studying pathosystems that cannot be classified as either host or nonhost due to their intermediate status relative to...