The genus Melilotus contains altogether some 20 species (WIERSEMA et al. 1990) in the world which mostly distributed in Europe, Central and SW. Asia and N. Africa (HUCHINSON 1964). BOISSIER (1872) listed 13 species of Melilotus in which 6 of them are found in the Iranian flora. PARSA (1948) following Boissier’s work referring some new collections made by other workers, listed the same species n...

the range conditions explain its health as a management tool. obviously, theimplementation of this important assessment requires the most appropriate study methodfor each region. in order to select the most appropriate methods of range conditions inkabirkooh grasslands of zagros in iran, five estimation methods (i.e. six-factor, fourfactor,vegetation and soil combination, value of pasture and c...

Using functional traits to explain species' range limits is a promising approach in functional biogeography. It replaces the idiosyncrasy of species-specific climate ranges with a generic trait-based predictive framework. In addition, it has the potential to shed light on specific filter mechanisms creating large-scale vegetation patterns. However, its application to a continental flora, spanni...

Understanding the forms that the geographic range limits of species take, their causes and their consequences are key issues in ecology and evolutionary biology. They are also topics on which understanding is advancing rapidly. This themed issue of Proc. R. Soc. B focuses on the wide variety of current research perspectives on the nature and determinants of the limits to geographic ranges. The ...

“Phan~oma” are records inserted into a concurrently aelected set of records specified by a predicate such that Ihe selection does not eee a transaction conaietent result. The usual locking slrategy is lo lock only czisling records. However, records that satisfy the eeleclion predicate muat be locked even when they are nol present in the database to prevent their insertion. One way to cope with ...

In this research foliar anatomy of seven species of Avena are studied under the light microscope and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). This study includes seven species, namely, A. barbata, A. clauda, A. eriantha, A. fatua, A. ludoviciana, A. sativa and A. wiestii. Different anatomical characters sush as number of bulliform cells, mesophyll thickness, midrib, number of vascular bundles fr...

species selection based on a new method such as a fuzzy method is one of the most important stages in the successful plantation management planning as choosing a suitable species for the site can be the key to success. this paper is based on a fuzzy extension of the technique or order preference which is similar to ideal solution (topsis) method. the purpose of this paper is to develop fuzzy to...