Abstract Purpose While there are numerous studies comparing open-view autorefractors to subjective refraction or other autorefractors, most between closed and autorefraction tend focus on children rather than young adults. The aim of this study was determine the concordance in non-cycloplegic refractive error two modern objective autorefractors: closed-view monocular Topcon TRK-2P binocular Gra...

some logicians as avicenna, khaja nasir al-din tusi, and dabiran katebi believe that denotation (dilala) is dependent on volition (irada), and as long as there is no volition, there is no denotation. some others like qutb al-din razi completely reject this idea and maintain that denotation merely depends on “knowledge of designation” (al-ilm bi al-wad’). some of methodologicians of jurisprudenc...

In this paper, I present additional information for policy-makers and researchers to consider in response to the view proposed by Potts et al that “the pill is mightier than the sword.” I identify states with both high rates of terrorism and a youth bulge and discuss correlates of both these societal characteristics. The research examined supports the view that factors other than access to fami...