In the equatorial troposphere, the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a planetaryscale wave envelope of complex multi-scale convection (see Figure 1 for a schematic illustration). It begins as a standing wave in the Indian Ocean and propagates eastward across the western Pacific Ocean at a speed of ≈ 5 m/s. Due to its planetary-scale circulation anomalies, the MJO significantly affects monsoon ...

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), also known as the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), is a planetaryscale mode of variation in the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Basic questions about the MJO are why it propagates eastward at;5 m s, why it lasts for intraseasonal time scales, and how it interacts with the fine structure that is embedded in it. This study will test the hypothesis ...

Introduction: Ecstasy is an amphetamine derivative, which its use has been consistently increasing over the past years. Ecstasy interacts with the glutamatergic system and it is known that glutamate receptors have a key role in learning and memory. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of ecstasy and glutamatergic system on learning and memory. Methods: Fifty-six male Wis...

BACKGROUND Endemic human pathogens are subject to strong immune selection, and interrogation of pathogen genome variation for signatures of balancing selection can identify important target antigens. Several major antigen genes in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum have shown such signatures in polymorphism-versus-divergence indices (comparing with the chimpanzee parasite P. reichenowi)...

The influence of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the dynamics extreme rainfall events during austral Spring in Uruguay is investigated. research focused southern region country, which includes 15 weather stations. Extreme are defined as days accumulated exceeds 90 percentile rainy days, and MJO classified according to Real-time Multivariate series 1 (RMM1) 2 (RMM2) indices. Given that extrat...

A common practice in the design of forecast models for ENSO is to couple ocean general circulation models to simple atmospheric models. Therefore, by construction these models (known as hybrid ENSO models) do not resolve various kinds of atmospheric variability [e.g., the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and westerly wind bursts] that are often regarded as “unwanted noise.” In this work the sens...

Abstract. The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the main controller of weather in tropics on intraseasonal timescales, and recent research provides evidence that quasi-biennial (QBO) influences MJO interannual variability. However, physical mechanisms behind this interaction are not completely understood. Recent studies normal-mode structure indicate contribution global-scale Kelvin Rossby wav...

1. Introduction A number of studies have shown that the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) have a strong influence on the atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns in the Recent studies also suggest that the MJO-related tropical forcing is linked to precipitation events along the west coast of the United State during the winter season (Mo and Higgins 1998; Higgins et al. 2000). Dynamical ...