iii Abbreviations and definitions v

Boice (1971) has recently described procedures for trapping, maintaining, and studying wild Norway rats (Rattus norwegicus) in the laboratory. He suggests that a major reason for studying wild Norway rats is to determine how the process of domestication has influenced the behavior of this species. There are other reasons for the laboratory study of wild animals, one of the most important being ...

The incidence of acute gonococcal and nongonococcal salpingitis for a five-year-period (1970--74) was studied retrospectively in an urban area of central Sweden. The investigation was undertaken to see if the reported decrease of gonorrhoea in Sweden had been followed by a change in the incidence of gonococcal salpingitis--the most common complication of gonorrhoea. The study showed that the re...

Dynamic simulation has great potential as a tool for teaching physics and science in general. This paper describes a family of simulators that have been developed to teach several topics in physics including circular motion, collisions, energy storage, and heat flow. These simulators provide students with laboratories for experimenting with the phenomena in the context of realworld situations s...

Changes in chromatin architecture induced by epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal cellular processes such as gene expression, DNA repair, and cellular division. Compact chromatin presents a barrier to these processes and is highly regulated by epigenetic markers binding to components of the nucleosome. Histone modifications directly influence chromatin dynamics and facilitate recruitm...

The paper specifies the development of a toolkit to run synthetic science laboratories. The aim was to facilitate collaborative experimenting for problem-based learning in a virtual lab. The goal was to demonstrate virtual experimenting by use of interactive 3D visualization and simulation. Technology was developed over six years and in part designed in explicit accordance to didactic models. F...

BACKGROUND Pharmacoeconomics has been defined as: the description and analysis of the cost of drug therapy to health care systems and society. Aim was to observe the Medication Therapy on the basis of Phamacoeconomics Analysis and to save the economic resources. METHODS This Descriptive Cross sectional study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital and Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad, f...

BACKGROUND Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurement is of great value for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes. Many manufacturers have developed various experiments to determine the HbA1c concentration. However, the longitudinal use of these tests requires strict quality management. This study aimed to analyze the quality of HbA1c measurement systems in China using six sigma techniques to help i...