The effects of adding L-carnitine to a whole-body and respiratory training program were determined in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Sixteen COPD patients (66 +/- 7 years) were randomly assigned to L-carnitine (CG) or placebo group (PG) that received either L-carnitine or saline solution (2 g/day, orally) for 6 weeks (forced expiratory volume on first ...

We tested two hypotheses: first, that the inferior anoxia tolerance of the softshell turtle, Apalone spinifera, compared to the western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii, is related to its less mineralized shell, and second, that turtle bone, like its shell, stores lactate during prolonged anoxia. Lactate concentrations of blood, hindlimb bone, and shell were measured on normoxic Apalone a...

Lactate and phosphocreatine concentrations were monitored in the white muscle of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following swimming at 70, 80 and 100 % of critical swimming speed (Ucrit) using 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Lactate was detected following swimming at all speeds, but its concentration was greatest following swimming at 80 and 100 %Ucrit. Phosphocreatine stor...

Based on the presence and absence of enzyme activities, the biochemical pathways for the fermentation of inulin by Clostridium thermosuccinogenes DSM 5809 are proposed. Activities of nine enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, fumarate reductase, phosphotransacetylase, acetate kinase, pyruvate kinase, and alcohol dehydrogenase) were meas...

Incremental tests on a treadmill are used to evaluate endurance athletes; however, no criterion exists to determine the intensity at which to start the test, potentially causing the loss of the first lactate threshold. This study aimed to determine the ideal speed for runners to start incremental treadmill tests. The study consisted of 94 runners who self-reported the average speed from their l...

Abbreviations: PETE: Progressive Exercise Test to Exhaustion; MPO: Maximum Power Output during PETE; IPT: Interval Performance Test; L120: Experimental trial using 120 mg lactate/kg body mass; L300: Experimental trial using 300 mg lactate/kg body mass; PL: Experimental trial using Placebo; TTE: Time to Exhaustion; Pre-Con: Time period immediately prior to lactate consumption; PostCon: Time peri...

Lactate in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Pressure-Flow Relationships in Canine Cerebral Circulation • In 11 dogs, lactate and pH in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the arterial and the venous blood were measured during stepwise reductions of the arterial blood pressure by controlled bleeding. Increase in lactate and decrease in pH of the cerebrospinal fluid occurred with lowering of the mean arter...

The purposes of this study were 1) to confirm whether there is a difference in the levels of blood lactate and ammonia after supramaximal uphill and downhill running for the same short duration and 2) to examine the relationship between peak blood lactate levels and work/lean body mass (LBM), as well as the relationship between peak blood ammonia levels and work/LBM following supramaximal uphil...

1. [2-(3)H,U-(14)C]- or [3-(3)H,U-(14)C]-Lactate was administered by infusion or bolus injection to overnight-starved rats. Tracer lactate was injected or infused through indwelling cannulas into the aorta and blood was sampled from the vena cava (A-VC mode), or it was administered into the vena cava and sampled from the aorta (V-A mode). Sampling was continued after infusion was terminated to ...

BACKGROUND The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) indirectly shows the muscle's oxidative capacity to get energy. Sedentarism, exercise and physically active lifestyles modify it. For that reason, this study evaluates the associations between RER during sub-maximum exercise and other well established fitness indicators (body fat, maximum heart rate, maximum O(2) uptake, workload, and lactate thre...