Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), is an uncommon, life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by severe hypercytokinemia with excessive activation of lymphocytes and macrophages due to a highly stimulated but ineffective immune process. We report a case of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a 15 year old boy presenting with fever, lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia due to infect...

A patient from Southeast Asia was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. One year later, she experienced exacerbation of skin lesions and was diagnosed with erythema nodosum leprosum. Upon treatment, the patient developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with multi-organ failure and died from invasive fungal infection. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis has to our knowledge, not previou...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is the uncontrolled reaction of the immune system against a triggering pathogen and inability of the immune system to elliminate this triggering factor, which ends up with hypercytokinemia and hemophagocytosis. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is classified into two major groups as genetic (primary) and acquired (secondary). The condition has high mort...

Fig. 1. (A–C) Features of the bone marrow (BM) aspirate and biopsy showing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) staining. (A, B) BM aspirate showing histiocytic hyperplasia and prominent hemophagocytosis by activated histiocytes. Arrowheads indicate features suggestive of ongoing endocytosis (Wright-Giemsa stain, ×1,000). (C) BM core biopsy result showing positive ...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disorder of the mononuclear phagocytic system, characterised by histiocyte and lymphocyte activation. It can be classified as primary secondary HLH. Primary HLH usually presents in childhood, associated with gene mutations. Secondary adulthood, due to an underlying infection, autoimmune disease or malignancy. We describe case acute hepatitis-A ...

Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare but fatal complication of tuberculosis. We describe two cases, and review the local and international experience on the management of this clinical entity. Prompt treatment with anti-tuberculous drugs forms the cornerstone of therapeutic success.

cytomegalovirus is the most common viral infection after kidney transplantation. clinical presentations of cytomegalovirus infection range from asymptomatic infection to organ-specific involvement. most symptomatic infections manifest as fever and cytopenia. the gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of tissue-invasive infection, often presenting as diarrhea or gastrointestinal bleeding...

Salmonella infections are observed frequently in the childhood age group and mostly characterized with gastrointestinal findings. Extraintestinal involvement is observed rarely (8%) (1). Renal involvement has been defined in approximately 3% of the patients. Pyelonephritis, cystitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, acute renal failure and rarely glomerulonephritis have been reported as urinary syste...

INTRODUCTION Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis induced by viral diseases is a well recognized entity. Severe forms of H5N1 influenza are known to be associated with symptoms very similar to a reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. We report a case of fulminant lymphohistiocytosis associated with the pandemic A (H1N1) variant. CASE PRESENTATION A 42-year-old Caucasian woman developed a syndrome of...