Background: Immune cells perform unique functions against infections and imbalances in immunity associated with various diseases. Applying natural products may control immune responses. Among herbals, much attention has been paid to the immunoregulatory functions of Allium sativum. However, the effects of other Allium species on the immune system have remained undiscovered. Therefore, the curre...

Wildlife turtles are endangered species because of the traditional capture eggs and adult animals in Northern Brazil, such as South American freshwater (Podocnemis expansa). Successful conservation efforts order to keep them captivity fed commercial fish chow may lead physiological changes systemic pathologies. Thus, present study, were evaluated liver digestive tract 14 giant microscopically d...

We studied changes in apathy among 77 community-dwelling older persons with mild memory loss in a randomized clinical trial comparing two nonpharmacological interventions over four weeks. The study used a pre-post design with randomization by site to avoid contamination and diffusion of effect. Interventions were offered twice weekly after baseline evaluations were completed. The treatment grou...

background: in recent years, immunocompromised patients are at high risk for the development of invasive aspergillosis. due to the increase of antimicrobial resistance, natural agents with medicinal and immunomodulatory effects has gained more attention. honey is a natural substance with documented antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory and wound healing effects. objectives: the purpose of this study ...

Background: Macrophage immune responses are affected by the secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to examine the immune responses of macrophages to Mtb secretory antigens, namely ESAT-6, CFP-10, and ESAT-6/CFP-10.Methods: THP-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line) were cultured and differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The cytotoxici...

Background: Based on the reports, Aloe vera extract, a herbal medicine, has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Also, this medicinal plant has considerable effects on innate immunity through cytokine secretion which resist fungal infections such as Candida albicans. Moreover, Aloe vera is considered as immunomodulatory agent and regulate inflammatory responses. Materials and Methods: I...

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) has been shown to be associated with active centers of hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in the developing fetus. Therefore, the effects of TGF-beta 1 on mouse hematopoiesis were studied. TGF-beta 1 is a potent inhibitor of IL-3-induced bone marrow proliferation, but it does not inhibit the proliferation induced by granulocyte/macrophage, colony-stim...

In the present study, we have analyzed the pattern of cytokines expressed by two independent dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations generated in vitro from human cord blood CD34+ progenitors cultured with granulocyte-macrophage CSF and TNF-alpha. Molecularly, we confirmed the phenotypic differences discriminating the two subsets: E-cadherin mRNA was only detected in CD1a+-derived DC, whereas CD68 a...

The parasites of genus Leishmania are the causative agents of one of the most widespread and devastating diseases. According to follow-up data, these medications may provoke adverse drug reactions, drug resistance, relapse as well as financial burden. The mechanism of action of opioid drugs are primarily exerted via transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. One of the potent synthetic immunomo...

background: macrophage immune responses are affected by the secretory proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). this study aimed to examine the immune responses of macrophages to mtb secretory antigens, namely esat-6, cfp-10, and esat-6/cfp-10. methods: thp-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line) were cultured and differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. the cytotoxic...