objective: evaluation of the effects of toxoplasma gondii infection on spermatogenesis in male rats. materials and methods: the rh strain of t. gondii tachyzoites were injected interaperitoneally in an infected group of 35 rats, while 21 rats were used as controls. each ten days from 10- 70 days of post-infection (pi), 5 rats from infected group and 3 rats from control group were scarified. t...

studies represent that bacterial infection of the semen can have a direct role in spermatozoid parameters change and may result in men's infertility. in the present study 160 semens were examines for bacterial infection. 55(34.4%) were infected by different species of bacteria, but those infected only by 4 species were undertaken for further study.these bacteria were streptococci pyogen, entroc...

background: oxidative stress is detrimental to semen quality and has a significant role in the etiology of male subfertility. methods: dietary intake of antioxidants were compared between thirty two men with oligolastheno/ teratazoospermic (cases) and 32 normospermic volunteers (controls) attending fertility clinic in mirza koochak-khan hospital in tehran, iran. all participants were nonsmokers...

background and objectives: laboratory reference values are an important tool for clinical management of patients. reference values being used in most laboratories in iran have been provided from the established reference values from developed countries. however, several variables can affect on these laboratory parameters. therefore, this study was carried out to establish the reference values o...

Aggression. Offensive action, particularly in regard to defending resources. Aggression in defending females and other resources should be favored by selection when there are fewer resources than competitors and when an individual can boost fitness by forcibly removing another individual. Intersexual Selection. Sexual selection due to interactions between the sexes. Mate choice by males or fema...

a key factor in spermatogenesis and disorders associated with this protein have been recognized to be related to male infertility. although it was suggested that this protein could have different functions during germ cell development, no studies have been conducted to uncover the mechanism of this potential function yet. here, we analyzed the expression pattern of rbmy protein isoforms in test...

background: ubiquitin, an 8.5 kda peptide that marks other proteins for proteasomal degradation, tags defective sperm dur­ing epididymal passage. thus, sperm ubiquitination is a universal marker for sperm defects and can be used as a sperm func­tion test. the objective of the present study was to examine the relationships between sperm ubiquiti­nation and clinical se­men parameters, using simpl...

background: infertility is considered as a major health care problem of different communities. the high prevalence of this issue doubled its importance. a significant proportion of infertility have been related to environmental conditions and also acquired risk factors. different environmental conditions emphasized the need to study the different causes of infertility in each area. objective: t...

background and objective: male breast carcinoma (mbc) is an unusual form of neoplasia, representing 0.7 to 1 percent of all breast cancer cases. usually, the carcinoma affects patients after the sixth decade. the aim of this study was to evaluate the status of estrogen and progesterone receptors (er and pr) and prognostic factors (p53 and her-2/neu) in a series of male patients with breast canc...