Marek's disease is a herpesvirus (Marek's disease virus [MDV])-induced pathology of chickens characterized by paralysis and the rapid appearance of T-cell lymphomas. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LBCLs) derived from MDV-induced tumors have served as models of MDV latency and transformation. We have recently reported the construction of mutant MDVs having a deletion (M. S. Parcells et al., J. Virol...

Efficient health care delivery includes expense reduction, distribution of limited resources, and minimization of medical waste. These goals must be achieved without patient safety compromise. One challenging example is the administration of injectable medications. Some common procedures may require injection of only a small quantity of medication such as sodium tetradecyl sulfate (Sotradecol; ...

Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors containing the full-length genomes of several herpesviruses have been used widely as tools to enable functional studies of viral genes. Marek's disease viruses (MDVs) are highly oncogenic alphaherpesviruses that induce rapid-onset T-cell lymphomas in chickens. Oncogenic strains of MDV reconstituted from BAC clones have been used to examine the role ...

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an immunosuppressive virus that causes considerable economic losses to the chicken industry in China. However, there is currently no effective vaccine to prevent ALV-J infection. In order to reduce the losses caused by ALV-J, we constructed two effective ALV-J vaccines by inserting the ALV-J (strain JL093-1) env or gag+env genes into the US2 gene of th...

Mitophagy (mitochondrial autophagy), which removes damaged, effete and superfluous mitochondria, has several distinct variants. In Type 1 mitophagy occurring during nutrient deprivation, preautophagic structures (PAS) grow into cup-shaped phagophores that surround and sequester individual mitochondria into mitophagosomes, a process requiring phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and often occurr...

Streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica (MDV) are harsh habitats for life. Months of perpetual darkness and subzero temperatures are punctuated by months of perpetual sunlight, intense UV radiation, and temperatures that hover around freezing. The availability of liquid water regulates biological activity and limits the growing season to 6–10 weeks each year. These harsh conditions lik...

We measured chlorate (ClO3 ) and perchlorate (ClO4 ) concentrations in ice covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica, to evaluate their role in the ecology and geochemical evolution of the lakes. ClO3 and ClO4 are present throughout the MDV Lakes, streams, and other surface water bodies. ClO3 and ClO4 originate in the atmosphere and are transported to the lakes by surface in...

Hosts can be infected with multiple herpesviruses, known as superinfection; however, superinfection of cells is rare due to the phenomenon known as superinfection inhibition. It is believed that dual infection of cells occurs in nature, based on studies examining genetic exchange between homologous alphaherpesviruses in the host, but to date, this has not been directly shown in a natural model....

AIM The aim of this study was to demonstrate the genomic features of Meq gene of Marek's disease virus (MDV) recently circulating in Saudi Arabia (SA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two poultry flocks suffering from mortalities and visceral tumors were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, King Faisal University, SA. Subjected to different diagnostic procedures: Case history, clinical signs,...