The long-term trends of urbanization suggest: not only have more cities formed, but the leading metropolises have grown larger, with a number of peripheral subcenters developing over time. Conventional models of urban growth are limited, in that commuting cost and congestion eventually result in decreasing returns in a monocentric city as population becomes very large. We construct a general-eq...

Foreign immigration is a very recent phenomenon in Spain. Over the last few years, and especially since 2001, there has been strong growth in the number of non-EU immigrants changing the historical characterisation of Spain as a country of emigration, above all in the 1960s and 1970s. As in other countries with a high degree of foreign population, one of the principal consequences has been the ...

This paper addresses the problem of time-dependent shortest multimodal path in complex and large urban areas. This problem is one of the important and practical problems in several fields such as transportation, and recently attracts the research focus due to developments in new application areas. An adapted evolutionary algorithm, in which chromosomes with variable lengths and particularly def...

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With 38% of its population living in cities, Vietnam is the process completing urban transition. The arrival populations from countryside coupled with a spatial sprawl part catching up that country has been doing since liberalization economy at end 1980s. Poles concentration value and are rapidly being formed: metropolises. Vietnamese metropolises, starting capital city-province Hanoi, vehicle ...