The aim of this study was to compare serum (SERc) and salivary cortisol (SALc) responses during recovery from two different exhaustive exercises to determine peak cortisol sampling time and the agreement between SERc and SALc levels. Twelve healthy men underwent a maximal treadmill graded exercise to exhaustion (MEx) and a prolonged, submaximal cycle exercise in the heat for 90 min (PEx) while ...

It is thought that at least some of the initial specification of the five somatic founder cells of the C. elegans embryo occurs cell-autonomously through the segregation of factors during cell divisions. It has been suggested that in embryos from mothers homozygous for mutations in the maternal-effect gene mex-1, four blastomeres of the 8-cell embryo adopt the fate of the MS blastomere. It was ...

BACKGROUND Metformin (MET) therapy exerts positive effects improving glucose tolerance and preventing the evolution toward diabetes in insulin resistant patients. It has been shown that adding MET to exercise training does not improve insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of MET and exercise training alone or in combination on maximal aerobic capacity and, as a ...

Posterior expression of Caudal is required for early embryonic development in nematodes, arthropods, and vertebrates. In Drosophila, ectopic Caudal in anterior cells can induce head defects, and in Caenorhabditis the absence of Caudal in anterior embryonic cells is required for proper development. Anterior Caudal repression in these species is achieved through unrelated translational repressors...

Traffic congestion is a common problem; particularly in metropolitan areas. It is especially true for the Tokyo Metropolitan Freeway (MEX) which handles about 1.2 million vehicles per day. Thirty percent of these vehicles use the MEX central circular and radial routes causing chronic traffic congestion. A traffic-control center in Japan mitigates the congestion by governing access to MEX entran...

Last decade witnessed a disappointing lack in technology transfer from formal semantics to language design. Research in formal semantics has developed increasingly complex concepts and notation, at the expense of calculational clarity and applicability in the development of languages. Montages is a visual domain-speciic formalism for specifying all the aspects of a programming language. It is i...

After the first division of the C. elegans embryo, the posterior blastomere can produce numerous muscles while the anterior blastomere cannot. We show here that maternal-effect lethal mutations in the gene mex-3 cause descendants of the anterior blastomere to produce muscles by a pattern of development similar to that of a descendant of the wild-type posterior blastomere. mex-3 encodes a probab...

The exodermis of Iris germanica roots is multiseriate. Its outermost layer matures first with typical Casparian bands and suberin lamellae. But as subsequent layers mature, the Casparian band extends into the tangential and anticlinal walls of their cells. Compared with roots in which the endodermis represents the major transport barrier, the multiseriate exodermis (MEX) was expected to reduce ...

The early C. elegans embryo is an attractive model system to investigate fundamental developmental processes. With the exception of mex-3 mRNA, maternally contributed mRNAs are thought to be distributed uniformly in the one-cell embryo. Here, we report and characterize the striking distribution of the mRNA encoding the novel protein ERA-1. We found that era-1 mRNA is enriched in the anterior of...

Mex+ human lymphoma cell lines contain O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a DNA repair enzyme that undergoes suicide inactivation on interaction with its substrate. The cells are therefore competent to remove the alkylation lesion O6-methylguanine from their DNA. However, several repair-deficient lymphoma cell lines (Mex-) are also known. It is shown here that Mex+ cells can be converted t...