Since human beings could travel beyond the earth atmosphere, scientists started to investigate the effect of microgravity on human cells. Microgravity has different effects on normal and cancer cells, but the related mechanisms are not well-known till now. The aim of the present review is to focus on the consequences of exposing the cancer cells to reduced gravity. Some cancer cells organize th...

Low-velocity collisions play a fundamental role in various astrophysical environments like protoplanetary disks (planet formation) or the Saturnian rings (e.g. dynamics and stability). These collisions are likely to occur at velocities in the cm s−1 range and below, and a satisfactory experimental realization of the lowest velocities is so far not possible even in microgravity environments like...

The study of how mechanical forces may influence cell behavior via cytoskeleton remodeling is a relevant challenge of nowadays that may allow us to define the relationship between mechanics and biochemistry and to address the larger problem of biological complexity. An increasing amount of literature data reported that microgravity condition alters cell architecture as a consequence of cytoskel...

Microgravity combustion is fundamentally characterized by the absence of buoyancy driven flows. To facilitate a large range of diagnostics on microgravity flames, it is useful to create an equivalent microbuoyant condition in an earth-based laboratory. This experiment simulates microbuoyancy using electric fields to balance local convection in a region of the flame. Previous studies used N2 coh...

Chilldown or quenching is a complicated process that initiates the cryogenic fluid line transport, and it involves unsteady two-phase heat and mass transfer. To advance our understanding of this process, we have reviewed recent experimental investigations. The chilldown process can be generally divided into three regimes: film boiling, transition boiling and nucleate boiling, and each regime is...

In this study we investigated the effect of gravity on multi-digit prehension to know how the digits’ force and moment are organized in the imposed static constraints according to the gravity. Specifically, we tested if decoupling of grasping and rotational equilibrium control is even valid during grasping in the microgravity condition. There were two experimental conditions: gravity-induced (G...

Background: The relationship between microgravity and parathyroid hormone (PTH), a keystone of bone mineral density, remains controversial. Bone loss is prominent, ongoing issue in spaceflight, PTH has been suggested as treatment for microgravity-induced osteopenia, indicating the importance this hormone. This systematic review meta-analysis aimed to evaluate association exposure production PTH...

To provide the basis and reference to further insights into the neural activity of the human brain in a microgravity environment, we discuss the amplitude changes of low-frequency brain activity fluctuations using a simulated microgravity model. Twelve male participants between 24 and 31 years old received resting-state fMRI scans in both a normal condition and after 72 hours in a -6° head down...

Introduction: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of duplication and auto-recovery and distinction from various cells including chondrocytes, adipocytes, chondroblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts. Human stem cells are always subject to local and external mechanical loads. External loads are caused by physical activity in external environment loading to infliction of st...