Abstract Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important grain legumes in world, but its current and future production threatened due to increased incidence drought heat stress. To address this challenge, an integrated crop improvement strategy encompassing breeding, genomics, physiology agronomy required. Here, we review physiological traits known confer adaptation chickpea identify...

Lyophilization, the removal of water by freezing and then volatilization at low pressure and temperature, has been employed as a standard long-term preservation method for many filamentous fungi. The method outlined involves the use of standard shelf freeze-drying and skimmed milk as a suspending solution/lyoprotectant. This approach has been employed to freeze-dry the majority of the 50,000 fu...