Across 6 studies, Whites expressed more negative attitudes toward strongly identified racial minorities than toward weakly identified minorities. Whites who personally endorsed worldviews that legitimize the status hierarchy were particularly likely to express negative attitudes toward strongly identified minorities relative to weakly identified minorities, whereas Whites who personally rejecte...

Educational tracking seeks to group students by unobserved ability using measures of observable acquired skills. In a model where individuals have differential skills prior to beginning formal education due to differences in early childhood development (e.g. linguistic, cultural, or nutritional disadvantages), we show that color-blind tracking systematically underplaces minorities. As a result,...

Abstract Disintermediation is the ability to sell products and services directly consumers without these having pass or go through a ‘middleman’, such as travel agent record company. With no product service consumers, disintermediation in non‐profit sector has been conceived giving of money beneficiaries/end users, need ‘middleman’ charity—in other words, it disintermediated giving. However, th...

The financial system plays a fundamental role in the global economy as the middleman between agents who need to borrow and agents who are willing to lend or invest. As a consequence, it is naturally linked to all economic sectors and, therefore, if the financial system does not work properly, its problems have a strong impact on the real economy. We can see this in the deteriorating fundamental...