"This paper examines the middleman minority characteristics of Korean immigrants in the United States. Like middleman groups in other societies, Korean immigrants in the United States are heavily concentrated in small business. A large proportion of Korean-owned businesses distribute merchandise to minority customers on behalf of large corporations. Korean merchants, like other middleman gro...

Recent research in industrial organisation has investigated the essential place that middlemen have in the networks that make up our global economy. In this paper we a�empt to understand how such middlemen compete with each other through a game theoretic analysis using novel techniques from decision-making under ambiguity. We model a purposely abstract and reduced model of one middleman who pro...

This paper studies middlemen—or “critical nodes”—that intermediate flows in a directed network. The contestability of a node is introduced as a network topological concept of competitiveness meaning that an intermediary’s role in the brokering of flows in the network can be substituted by a group of other nodes. We establish the equivalence of uncontested intermediaries and middlemen. The notio...

Eliminating middlemen from security protocols helps less than one would think. EMV electronic payments, for example, can be made fairer by adding an electronic attorney – a middleman which mediates access to a customer’s card. We compare middlemen in crypto protocols and APIs with those in the real world, and show that a manin-the-middle defence is helpful in many circumstances. We suggest that...

We develop a two-good model of North-South trade where middlemen mediate trade in the good exported by the South to overcome quality assurance problems. Middleman margins and entry into intermediation are endogenously determined by underlying distribution of entrepreneurial ability. Trade liberalization increases inequality in the Southern export sector, as middleman margins increase more than ...

JCB • VOLUME 171 • NUMBER 4 • 2005 584 Pursuing the middleman: the hunt for integrins y the mid-1970s, the idea of a transmembrane molecule linking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) had some supporting evidence. Adhesion molecules were hot in areas ranging from developmental biology to tumor biology, and the mounting suggestive evidence that a “fibronectin receptor” existed mad...