threat to use military force against iran has been repeated by us. these threats have been along with increasing sanctions and embargo against iran. the question we address in this paper is: what is the impact of on military threats against iran on effectiveness of sanctions and embargo against it? we will examine this hypothesis: in situation of global economy, transforming of military option ...

The Algerian military’s response to the 2019–2020 Hirak protests was relatively peaceful. In contrast its violent repression of in 1988, and subsequent coup civil war 1990s, military showed considerable restraint toward Hirak. Leveraging a survey 2,235 self-reported personnel, I show that emanated from protesters’ use nonviolence fraternization, as well recognition more repressive approach 1990...

The organism itself was first seen by Lavern on November 6, 1880 at a military hospital in Constantine, Algeria, when he discovered a microgametocyte exflagellating. In 1885, similar organisms were discovered within the blood of birds in Russia. There was brief speculation that birds might be involved in the transmission of malaria; in 1894 Patrick Manson hypothesized that mosquito could transm...

This study focuses on the employment effects of military spending versus alternative domestic spending priorities, in particular investments in clean energy, health care and education. We first present some simple alternative spending scenarios, namely devoting $1 billion to the military versus the same amount of money spent on clean energy, health care, and education, as well as for tax cuts w...

This brief examines the geographic distribution of federal spending in Georgia. Due to the continued budgetary pressure on the federal government as well as the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA), it seems likely that federal spending will decline in Georgia in the years to come. Federal spending in Georgia is substantial. For instance, fiscal year 2010 federal spending examined in this brief of ...

This study focuses on the employment effects of military spending versus alternative domestic spending priorities. The authors begin by introducing the basic input-output modeling technique for considering issues such as these in a systematic way. They then present some simple alternative spending scenarios-namely, devoting $1 billion to the military versus the same amount of money spent for fi...

We study the geographic distribution of military supply contracts during World War II. This is a unique case, since over $3 trillion current day dollars was spent, and there were concerns that the country’s future hinged on the war outcome. We find robust evidence consistent with the hypothesis that economic factors dominated the allocation of supply contracts, and that political factors—or at ...