We aimed to assess whether arterial distensibility estimated by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) differs between Cameroon traditional pygmies (TPs) on hunter-gather subsistence mode, contemporary pygmies who migrated to semiurban area, and the Bantou farmers (BFs) sharing the same environment. For that purpose, we recorded carotid-femoral PWV (ComplioR) in age and sex caref...

We aimed to assess whether arterial distensibility estimated by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) differs between Cameroon traditional pygmies (TPs) on hunter-gather subsistence mode, contemporary pygmies who migrated to semiurban area, and the Bantou farmers (BFs) sharing the same environment. For that purpose, we recorded carotid-femoral PWV (ComplioR) in age and sex caref...

are highly developed, there are areas which must be considered economically underdeveloped. One of the least developed regions is the Bethel area of southwestern Alaska, where approximately 11,000 persons live in some 50 villages scattered throughout a treeless tundra of 98,116 square miles. Most inhabitants are Eskimos or Atha¬ bascan Indians, whose subsistence economy is based on hunting and ...

The impacts of Wasmannia auropunctata (the little fire ant) on the native biota and subsistence agriculture in the Solomon Islands are poorly understood. This species was originally introduced as a biological control against nut-fall bugs (Amblypelta sp.) around 30 years ago and in the intervening time has spread throughout the Solomon Islands, aided movement of produce and planting material. I...

This paper provides a review of the profiles of the subsistence entrepreneurs and their constraints, and the landscape of current entrepreneurship programs and the evidence on impacts, and discusses the potential role of public policies for the livelihoods of subsistence entrepreneurs. Worldwide over a half of workers are self-employed, but a significant fraction of these self-employed jobs are...

This paper presents recommendations from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to the Boards of Fisheries and Game for the implementation of the subsistence law. Recommendations include: 1. The examination of existing subsistence use and regulations (p. 2 ) 2. The characterization of subsistence use in Alaska (p. 3. The implementation of statutory language (p. 4. The inclusion of subsistence c...

a r t i c l e i n f o The typical characteristics of subsistence markets challenge not only the generalizability of marketing theories but also the applicability and validity of the field research methods generally practiced by marketing researchers. This article discusses challenges inherent to field research in subsistence markets that may influence bias and equivalence. Moreover, it illustra...

In this paper we seek to explain the causes and consequences of Northern penetration in Southern subsistence markets in order to reach the countless masses at the Bottom of the (Income) Pyramid. To this end we formulate a One-North-Many-Souths model, inspired by the Krugman (1979) North-South model. In our model, Southern countries are differentiated with respect to population size, but also th...