despite many researchers conducted on electronic commerce, few studies have been performed in the field of internet businesses (ibs) with no up-to-date and applicable law. as a result, using library and field study, in one section we state the general rules and regulations governing all ibs, and in the other section we survey appropriative rules and regulations governing every model of ib. prov...

State-space models are an increasingly common and important tool in the quantitative ecologists’ armoury, particularly for analysis of time-series data. This is due to both their flexibility intuitive structure, describing different individual processes a complex system, thus simplifying model specification step. composed two (a) system (or state) process that describes dynamics true underlying...

A hierarchical structure of the statistical mod els involving the parametric state space generalized state space and self organizing state space models is explained It is shown that by considering higher level modeling it is possible to devel op models quite freely and then to extract essential information from data which has been di cult to obtain due to the use of restricted models It is also...

A central debate in applied macroeconomics is whether statistical tools that use minimal identifying assumptions are useful for isolating promising models within a broad class. In this paper, I compare three statistical models—a vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) model, an unrestricted state space model, and a restricted state space model— that are all consistent with the same prototy...