this paper deals with the single machine multi-product lot scheduling problem in which defective items are produced in any production run of each product. we have adopted the common cycle scheduling policy and assumed that the setup times for production of each product can be non-zero. further, we have assumed that defective items will be reworked and the inspection costs during the normal prod...

Model building is a fragile and complex process especially in the context of real cases. Each real case problem has its own characteristics with new concepts and conditions. A correct model should have some essential characteristics such as: being compatible with real conditions, being of sufficient accuracy, being logically traceable and etc. This paper discusses how to build an efficient mode...

in this research, we address the application of uncertaintyprogramming to design a multi-site, multi-product, multi-period,closed-loop supply chain (clsc) network. in order to make theresults of this article more realistic, a clsc for a case study inthe iron and steel industry has been explored. the presentedsupply chain covers three objective functions: maximization ofprofit, minimization of n...

Convergent product is an assembly shape concept integrating functions and sub-functions to form a final product. To conceptualize the convergent product problem, a web-based network is considered in which a collection of base functions and sub-functions configure the nodes and each arc in the network is considered to be a link between two nodes. The aim is to find an optimal tree of functionali...

In this paper, we present a methodology for solving a multi-product, multi-depot periodic vehicle routing problem. The problem focuses on allocating products and assigning appropriate delivery days to a set of customers, and designing a set of delivery routes for every day of the planning period. A tabu-search based heuristic is proposed to find the best allocation and routing plan that would g...

In this paper we study how trade liberalization affects the location and product scope of firms. We find that largest most productive multi-product firms concentrate to larger market as a result liberalization. presence relocation costs, also these will expand their in while smaller contract or it degree. The adjustment firms’ can therefore be substitute for firm relocation, cost introducing ne...