– Square or rectangular subimage area centered at (x, y) (Figure 3.1) ∗ Typically, the neighborhood is much smaller than the image – Center moves over each pixel in the image – T is applied at each point to get g at that location ∗ Compute the average intensity of the neighborhood – Also possible to have neighborhood approximations in the form of a circle – The above application is also called ...

In this paper, a new texture descriptor named "Fractional Local Neighborhood Intensity Pattern" (FLNIP) has been proposed for content based image retrieval (CBIR). It is an extension of the Local Neighborhood Intensity Pattern (LNIP)[1]. FLNIP calculates the relative intensity difference between a particular pixel and the center pixel of a 3×3 window by considering the relationship with adjacen...

Researchers have long recognized that the non-random sorting of individuals into groups generates correlation between individual and group attributes that is likely to bias naı̈ve estimates of both individual and group effects. This paper proposes a nonparametric strategy for identifying these effects in a model that allows for both individual and group unobservables, applying this strategy to t...

constituted the most dynamic social units of the Teotihuacan society. These neighborhoods had coordination centers, and were probably headed and managed by the intermediate elite, an entrepreneurial class who competed to bring to the city the most exotic and strange ornaments and garments for public display [4,5]. We have counted ca. 22 of these neighborhood centers in the city [6]. Numerous ap...

The “Sustainable neighborhoods” has become widely proposed objective of urban planners, scholars, and local government agencies. However, after decades of discussion, there is still no consensus on the definition of sustainable neighborhoods (Sawicki and Flynn, 1996; Dluhy and Swartz 2006; Song and Knaap,2007; Galster 2010). To gain new information on this issue, this paper develops a quantitat...

The association among race, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), and chronic pain has not been well examined in older people. Clinical data was obtained from older adults (>50 years old) presenting to a tertiary care pain center. The relative roles of race and neighborhood SES on the chronic pain experienced in older black and white adults were assessed. Older blacks experienced more affect...