Background: Premature birth is a major cause of infant mortality in developed countries. Newborns confined to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are in a rapid stage of brain development. As such, sleep plays a pivotal role in the proper brain development of newborns. However, this developmental aspect is often disregarded due to the lack of information. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the...

we investigate the problem of the existence of a frame forright ideals of a c*-algebra a, without the use of the kasparov stabilizationtheorem. we show that this property can not characterize a as a c*-algebraof compact operators.

the main objective of this study is to swing krull intersection theorem in primary decomposition of rings and modules to the primary decomposition of soft rings and soft modules. to fulfill this aim several notions like soft prime ideals, soft maximal ideals, soft primary ideals, and soft radical ideals are introduced for a soft ring over a given unitary commutative ring. consequently, the p...

Despite of the popularity of the fuzzy Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methodology, there are several limitations in combining the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and the Risk Priority Number (RPN) model. Two main limitations are: (1) it is difficult and impractical to form a complete fuzzy rule base when the number of required rules is large; and (2) fulfillment of the monotonicity prope...

Laboratory mice are well capable of performing innate routine behaviour programmes necessary for courtship, nest-building and exploratory activities although housed for decades in animal facilities. We found that in mice inactivation of the clock gene Period1 profoundly changes innate routine behaviour programmes like those necessary for courtship, nest building, exploration and learning. These...

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1. Latitudinal variation in clutch sizes of birds is a well described, but poorly understood pattern. Many hypotheses have been proposed, but few have been experimentally tested, and none have been universally accepted by researchers. 2. The nest size hypothesis posits that higher nest predation in the tropics favours selection for smaller nests and thereby constrains clutch size by shrinking a...

Choice of nest site has important consequences for nest survival. We examined nest-site characteristics relative to nest success in Karoo Prinias breeding in coastal dwarf shrubland, where high nest predation is the main cause of nest failure. Initially, we compared nests that failed during the building, laying, incubation and nestling stages and those from which young were successfully raised,...