In this review we present an update on maternal exposure to nitrates in drinking water in relation to possible adverse reproductive and developmental effects, and also discuss nitrates in drinking water in the United States. The current standard for nitrates in drinking water is based on retrospective studies and approximates a level that protects infants from methemoglobinemia, but no safety f...

The mechanism of reduction of nitrates of the alkali metals to ammonia and the formation of amino nitrogen in biochemical syntheses from inorganic nitrogen compounds have not been explained satisfactorily. Some investigators explain the transformation by assuming a direct reduction of the nitrates to ammonia by action of nascent hydrogen, while others assume an intermediate reduction of the nit...

The mechanism of reduction of nitrates of the alkali metals to ammonia and the formation of amino nitrogen in biochemical syntheses from inorganic nitrogen compounds have not been explained satisfactorily. Some investigators explain the transformation by assuming a direct reduction of the nitrates to ammonia by action of nascent hydrogen, while others assume an intermediate reduction of the nit...

The mechanism of reduction of nitrates of the alkali metals to ammonia and the formation of amino nitrogen in biochemical syntheses from inorganic nitrogen compounds have not been explained satisfactorily. Some investigators explain the transformation by assuming a direct reduction of the nitrates to ammonia by action of nascent hydrogen, while others assume an intermediate reduction of the nit...

The mechanism of reduction of nitrates of the alkali metals to ammonia and the formation of amino nitrogen in biochemical syntheses from inorganic nitrogen compounds have not been explained satisfactorily. Some investigators explain the transformation by assuming a direct reduction of the nitrates to ammonia by action of nascent hydrogen, while others assume an intermediate reduction of the nit...

The mechanism of reduction of nitrates of the alkali metals to ammonia and the formation of amino nitrogen in biochemical syntheses from inorganic nitrogen compounds have not been explained satisfactorily. Some investigators explain the transformation by assuming a direct reduction of the nitrates to ammonia by action of nascent hydrogen, while others assume an intermediate reduction of the nit...

The main contributors of high nitrate concentrations in the groundwater of the Vanisadhara River basin are the point sources associated with livestock barns while the seasonal variations in nitrate (N03) concentrations are attributed to the prevailing hydrogeological conditions. The observed increase in nitrate under rising water level conditions, contradicting an expected decrease due to dilut...

[1] This paper reports the first measurements of the saturation state of low molecular weight alkyl nitrates (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and n-propyl nitrate) in the tropical Pacific Ocean. These compounds were supersaturated with saturation anomalies as high as 2000%. Air/sea flux estimates based on these measurements suggest that surface ocean emissions are sufficient to account for observed l...

introduction water quality refers to the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water. it is a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose. it is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance can be assessed. the most common standards used to assess water quality...

In the usual photoionization process, the absorption and emission of photons between the light field and the photoexcited electron packet is an arbitrary process that broadens the energy distribution of the electrons. However, there is no net exchange of energy between the two, and the drift velocity of the electron packet is unchanged. Kienberger et al. (p. 1144; see the Perspective by Lewenst...